Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
February-2022 Volume 23 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2022 Volume 23 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A new synthesis of literature data (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Daniela Jicman (Stan)
    • Elena Niculet
    • Mihaela Lungu
    • Cristian Onisor
    • Laura Rebegea
    • Doinita Vesa
    • Laura Bezman
    • Florin Ciprian Bujoreanu
    • Mihaela Ionela Sarbu
    • Raul Mihailov
    • Silvia Fotea
    • Alin Laurentiu Tatu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ‘Sfantul Apostol Andrei’ Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania, Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galați, 800010 Galati, Romania, Department of Neurology, ‘Sfantul Apostol Andrei’ Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania, Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galati, Romania, Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galati, Romania, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galati, Romania, Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galati, Romania
    Copyright: © Jicman (Stan) et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 136
    |
    Published online on: December 13, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11059
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial tumor, which develops most frequently from the lateral pharyngeal recess and holds some complex epidemiological characteristics. Its unusual race and geographic distribution suggests that not only the environmental factors are a contributing factor to the development of this rare cancer type, but also the genetic traits play an important role, along with nitrosamine‑containing food consumption and Epstein‑Barr virus infection. The signs and symptoms which a patient can present and suffer from are various and include nasal, otic, neurological as well as general ones; the way this tumor manifests being dependent on the stage of the tumor. The therapeutic management applicable in NPC needs to be established according to the case of the patient and include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, immune therapy, targeted therapy or combined treatment. The main objective of the treatment is local and regional tumor control; relapse is an important factor for future development of distant metastases. New therapeutic concepts are always sought of, current research focusing on precision medicine, meaning systemic treatment with a personalized radiotherapy approach according to the characteristics of the tumor.
View Figures
View References

1 

Khetan P, Boffetta P, Luce D, Stucker I, Curado MP, Menezes A, Wunsch-Filho V, Ahrens W, Lagiou P, Serraino D, et al: Occupations and the risk of head and neck cancer: A pooled analysis of the international head and neck cancer epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. J Occup Environ Med. 61:397–404. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Moro JDS, Maroneze MC, Ardenghi TM, Barin LM and Danesi CC: Oral and oropharyngeal cancer: Epidemiology and survival analysis. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 16(eAO4248)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In English, Portuguese).

3 

Hashim D and Boffetta P: Head and neck cancers. In: Occupational Cancers. Anttila S and Boffetta P (eds). Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp57-105, 2020.

4 

Cramer JD, Burtness B, Le QT and Ferris RL: The changing therapeutic landscape of head and neck cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 16:669–683. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Mankowski NL and Bordoni B: Anatomy, head and neck, nasopharynx. [Updated 2021 Feb. 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557635. Accessed March 13, 2021.

6 

Chen YP, Chan ATC, Le QT, Blanchard P, Sun Y and Ma J: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet. 394:64–80. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Shah AB, Zulfiqar H and Nagalli S: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [Updated 2020 Sep. 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554588. Accessed March 13, 2021.

8 

Niaz K, Maqbool F, Khan F, Bahadar H, Ismail Hassan F and Abdollahi M: Smokeless tobacco (paan and gutkha) consumption, prevalence, and contribution to oral cancer. Epidemiol Health. 39(e2017009)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Pichardo G: Nasopharyngeal cancer. [20.01.2020]. In: WebMD.com [Internet]. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer. Accessed March 13, 2020.

10 

Boda D, Docea AO, Calina D, Ilie MA, Caruntu C, Zurac S, Neagu M, Constantin C, Branisteanu DE, Voiculescu V, et al: Human papilloma virus: Apprehending the link with carcinogenesis and unveiling new research avenues (Review). Int J Oncol. 52:637–655. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Nwabudike LC and Tatu AL: Reply to Happle R et al. Koebner's sheep in Wolf's clothing: Does the isotopic response exists as a distinct phenomenon? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 32:e336–e337. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Xing B, Qiao XF, Qiu YH and Li X: TMPO-AS1 regulates the aggressiveness-associated traits of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through sponging miR-320a. Cancer Manag Res. 13:415–425. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Manfredi R, Sabbatani S, Gianelli U and Marinacci G: Epstein-Barr virus associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and local polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient with HIV disease. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic). 6:255–259. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Hald J and Larsen PL: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in an HIV-positive patient causing severe morbidity and early death. J Laryngol Otol. 107:149–150. 1993.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Draganescu M, Baroiu L, Iancu A, Dumitru C, Radaschin D, Polea ED, Bobeica C, Tatu AL, Niculet E and Fekete GL: Perspectives on skin disorder diagnosis among people living with HIV in southeastern Romania. Exp Ther Med. 21(97)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Tsao SW, Tsang CM and Lo KW: Epstein-Barr virus infection and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 372(20160270)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Nakanishi Y, Wakisaka N, Kondo S, Endo K, Sugimoto H, Hatano M, Ueno T, Ishikawa K and Yoshizaki T: Progression of understanding for the role of Epstein-Barr virus and management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 36:435–447. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Kieser A and Sterz KR: The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 391:119–149. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Nwabudike LC and Tatu AL: Reply to Gambichler T et al: Altered epigenetic pathways and cell cycle dysregulation in healthy appearing skin of patients with koebnerized squamous cell carcinomas following skin surgery. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 33:e3–e4. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Sun W, Liu DB, Li WW, Zhang LL, Long GX, Wang JF, Mei Q and Hu GQ: Interleukin-6 promotes the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and upregulates the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Int J Oncol. 44:1551–1560. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Niculet E, Chioncel V, Elisei AM, Miulescu M, Buzia OD, Nwabudike LC, Craescu M, Draganescu M, Bujoreanu F, Marinescu E, et al: Multifactorial expression of IL-6 with update on COVID-19 and the therapeutic strategies of its blockade (Review). Exp Ther Med. 21(263)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Solomon I, Voiculescu VM, Caruntu C, Lupu M, Popa A, Ilie MA, Albulescu R, Caruntu A, Tanase C, Constantin C, et al: Neuroendocrine factors and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: An affair to remember. Dis Markers. 2018(9787831)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Chow KC, Chiou SH, Ho SP, Tsai MH, Chen CL, Wang LS and Chi KH: The elevated serum interleukin-6 correlates with the increased serum butyrate level in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 10:813–819. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Low JS, Chua ET, Gao F and Wee JT: Stereotactic radiosurgery plus intracavitary irradiation in the salvage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck. 28:321–329. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Liao W, Tian M and Chen N: Characteristic and novel therapeutic strategies of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with synchronous metastasis. Cancer Manag Res. 11:8431–8442. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Deng F and Gaillard F: Nasopharyngeal cancer (staging). Available at: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/nasopharyngeal-cancer-staging?lang=us. Accessed March 14, 2020.

27 

Guo R, Mao YP, Tang LL, Chen L, Sun Y and Ma J: The evolution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging. Br J Radiol. 92(20190244)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Song C and Yang S: A meta-analysis on the EBV DNA and VCA-IgA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pak J Med Sci. 29:885–890. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Tsai ST, Jin YT, Mann RB and Ambinder RF: Epstein-Barr virus detection in nasopharyngeal tissues of patients with suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer. 82:1449–1453. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Lam WKJ and Chan JYK: Recent advances in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. F1000Res 7 (F1000 Faculty Rev): 1829, 2018.

31 

Hildesheim A and Wang CP: Genetic predisposition factors and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: A review of epidemiological association studies, 2000-2011: Rosetta stone for NPC: Genetics, viral infection, and other environmental factors. Semin Cancer Biol. 22:107–116. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Ma Z, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yao M, Ying L and Zhu L: Inhibitory effect of simvastatin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Exp Ther Med. 17:4477–4484. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Nwabudike LC, Elisei AM, Buzia OD, Miulescu M and Tatu AL: Statins. A review on structural perspectives, adverse reactions and relations with non-melanoma skin cancer. Rev Chim (Bucharest). 69:2557–2562. 2018.

34 

Xiao X, Zhang Z, Chang ET, Liu Z, Liu Q, Cai Y, Chen G, Huang QH, Xie SH, Cao SM, et al: Medical history, medication use, and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Am J Epidemiol. 187:2117–2125. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Pottegård A, Hallas J, Olesen M, Svendsen MT, Habel LA, Friedman GD and Friis S: Hydrochlorothiazide use is strongly associated with risk of lip cancer. J Intern Med. 282:322–331. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Kim MS, Han KD and Kwon SY: Pre-diagnostic beta-blocker use and head- and neck cancer risk: A nationwide population-based case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore). 98(e16047)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Tatu AL, Elisei AM, Chioncel V, Miulescu M and Nwabudike LC: Immunologic adverse reactions of β-blockers and the skin. Exp Ther Med. 18:955–959. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Wolter NE, Wolter JK, Enepekides DJ and Irwin MS: Propranolol as a novel adjunctive treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 41:334–344. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Zhang L, Mai HM, Zheng J, Zheng JW, Wang YA, Qin ZP and Li KL: Propranolol inhibits angiogenesis via down-regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in hemangioma derived stem cell. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 7:48–55. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Leezenberg JA, Wesseling H and Kroon AM: Possible cytostatic action of tetracyclines in the treatment of tumors of the nasopharynx and larynx. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 16:237–241. 1979.

41 

Nwabudike LC and Tatu AL: Response to -chronic exposure to tetracyclines and subsequent diagnosis for non-melanoma skin cancer in a large Mid-Western US population. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 32(e159)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Ferris RL and Koch WM: Connective tissue disease coincident with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Two sporadic cases in a Western population. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 129:101–105. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Tatu AL and Ionescu MA: Multiple autoimmune syndrome type 3-thyroiditis, vitiligo and alopecia areata. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar). 13:124–125. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Earar K, Sirbu I, Onisor C and Luca E: Oral rehabilitation on implants and introduction of pathogenic mechanisms in relation to oral implants-sugar diabetes. Rev Chim. 70:3750–3752. 2019.

45 

Peng XS, Xie GF, Qiu WZ, Tian YH, Zhang WJ and Cao KJ: Type 2 diabetic mellitus is a risk factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A 1:2 matched case-control study. PLoS One. 11(e0165131)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Chen AM, Yang CC, Marsano J, Liu T and Purdy JA: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Improvement of the therapeutic ratio with helical tomotherapy vs segmental multileaf collimator-based techniques. Br J Radiol. 85:e537–e543. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Lee N, Hoffman R, Phillips TL, Xia P, Quivey JM, Weinberg V and Hsu IC: Managing nasopharyngeal carcinoma with intracavitary brachytherapy: One institution's 45-year experience. Brachytherapy. 1:74–82. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Teo P, Leung S, Lee W and Zee B: Intracavitary brachytherapy significantly enhances local control of early T-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma: The existence of a dose-tumor-control relationship above conventional tumoricidal dose. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 46:445–458. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Cheah SK, Lau FN, Yusof MM and Phua VC: Treatment outcome with brachytherapy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 14:6513–6518. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Castelli J, Simon A, Lafond C, Perichon N, Rigaud B, Chajon E, De Bari B, Ozsahin M, Bourhis J and de Crevoisier R: Adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Acta Oncol. 57:1284–1292. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Zhang Y, Sun Y and Ma J: Induction gemcitabine and cisplatin in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Commun (Lond). 25(39)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Lee VH, Lam KO, Chang AT, Lam TC, Chiang CL, So TH, Choi CW and Lee AW: Management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Is adjuvant therapy needed? J Oncol Pract. 14:594–602. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Sindhu SK and Bauman JE: Current concepts in chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 31:145–154. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Tsang RK and Wei WI: Salvage surgery for nasopharyngeal cancer. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1:34–43. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Kam MK, Teo PM, Chau RM, Cheung KY, Choi PH, Kwan WH, Leung SF, Zee B and Chan AT: Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with intensity-modulated radiotherapy: The Hong Kong experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 60:1440–1450. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Stanciu AE, Zamfir-Chiru-Anton A, Stanciu MM, Stoian AP, Jinga V, Nitipir C, Bucur A, Pituru TS, Arsene AL, Dragoi CM, et al: Clinical significance of serum melatonin in predicting the severity of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 19:1537–1543. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Kaidar-Person O, Gil Z and Billan S: Precision medicine in head and neck cancer. Drug Resist Updat. 40:13–16. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jicman (Stan) D, Niculet E, Lungu M, Onisor C, Rebegea L, Vesa D, Bezman L, Bujoreanu FC, Sarbu MI, Mihailov R, Mihailov R, et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A new synthesis of literature data (Review). Exp Ther Med 23: 136, 2022.
APA
Jicman (Stan), D., Niculet, E., Lungu, M., Onisor, C., Rebegea, L., Vesa, D. ... Tatu, A.L. (2022). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A new synthesis of literature data (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11059
MLA
Jicman (Stan), D., Niculet, E., Lungu, M., Onisor, C., Rebegea, L., Vesa, D., Bezman, L., Bujoreanu, F. C., Sarbu, M. I., Mihailov, R., Fotea, S., Tatu, A. L."Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A new synthesis of literature data (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.2 (2022): 136.
Chicago
Jicman (Stan), D., Niculet, E., Lungu, M., Onisor, C., Rebegea, L., Vesa, D., Bezman, L., Bujoreanu, F. C., Sarbu, M. I., Mihailov, R., Fotea, S., Tatu, A. L."Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A new synthesis of literature data (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 2 (2022): 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11059
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jicman (Stan) D, Niculet E, Lungu M, Onisor C, Rebegea L, Vesa D, Bezman L, Bujoreanu FC, Sarbu MI, Mihailov R, Mihailov R, et al: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A new synthesis of literature data (Review). Exp Ther Med 23: 136, 2022.
APA
Jicman (Stan), D., Niculet, E., Lungu, M., Onisor, C., Rebegea, L., Vesa, D. ... Tatu, A.L. (2022). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A new synthesis of literature data (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11059
MLA
Jicman (Stan), D., Niculet, E., Lungu, M., Onisor, C., Rebegea, L., Vesa, D., Bezman, L., Bujoreanu, F. C., Sarbu, M. I., Mihailov, R., Fotea, S., Tatu, A. L."Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A new synthesis of literature data (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.2 (2022): 136.
Chicago
Jicman (Stan), D., Niculet, E., Lungu, M., Onisor, C., Rebegea, L., Vesa, D., Bezman, L., Bujoreanu, F. C., Sarbu, M. I., Mihailov, R., Fotea, S., Tatu, A. L."Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A new synthesis of literature data (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 2 (2022): 136. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11059
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team