Management of acute intradialytic cardiovascular complications: Updated overview (Review)
- Authors:
- Delia Timofte
- Maria-Daniela Tanasescu
- Daniela Gabriela Balan
- Adrian Tulin
- Ovidiu Stiru
- Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Andrada Mihai
- Cristian Constantin Popa
- Cristina-Ileana Cosconel
- Mihaly Enyedi
- Daniela Miricescu
- Raluca Ioana Papacocea
- Dorin Ionescu
-
Affiliations: Department of Dialysis, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Medical Semiology, Discipline of Internal Medicine I and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, ‘Sf. Ioan’ Emergency Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania, Discipline of Diabetes, ‘N. C. Paulescu’ Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 020474 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Discipline of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania - Published online on: January 26, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9713
- Article Number: 282
-
Copyright: © Timofte et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
Ozkan G and Ulusoy S: Acute Complications of Hemodialysis. In: Technical Problems in Patients on Hemodialysis. Penido MG (ed). InTech, 2011. https://www.intechopen.com/books/technical-problems-in-patients-on-hemodialysis/acute-complications-of-hemodialysis. Accessed December 7, 2011. | |
Balan DG, Stroescu AEB, Tanasescu MD, Diaconescu A, Raducu L, Mihai A, Tanase M, Stanescu II and Ionescu D: Nutritional intervention in patients with diabetic renal diseases. A brief presentation. Rev Chim. 69:3178–3182. 2018. | |
Balcangiu-Stroescu AE, Tanasescu MD, Diaconescu AC, Raducu L, Balan DG, Mihai A, Tanase M, Stanescu II and Ionescu D: Diabetic nephropathy: A concise assessment of the causes, risk factors and implications in diabetic patients. Rev Chim. 69:3118–3121. 2018. | |
Mandita A, Timofte D, Balcangiu-Stroescu AE, Balan DG, Raducu L, Tanasescu MD, Diaconescu AC, Dragos D, Cosconel CI, Stoicescu SM, et al: Treatment of high blood pressure in patients with chronic renal disease. Rev Chim. 70:993–995. 2019. | |
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/kidney-disease. Accessed November 2, 2019. | |
Saha M and Allon M: Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hemodialysis emergencies. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 12:357–369. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
United States Renal Data System (USRDS): 2009 Annual Report United States Renal Data System. https://www.usrds.org/. | |
Bregman H, Daugirdas JT and Ing TS: Complications during hemodialysis. In: Handbook of Dialysis. Dauugirdas JT and Ing TS (eds). Little, Brown, New York, NY, p149, 1994. | |
Paparello J, Kshirsagar A and Batlle D: Comorbidity and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease. Semin Nephrol. 22:494–506. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Olariu L, Dumitriu B, Craciun L, Buse E, Rosoiu N, Bojinca M and Papacocea T: The in vitro influence of a pharmaceutically active small sea fish extract on apoptosis and proliferation mechanisms amplified by inflammatory conditions. Farmacia. 67:140–145. 2019. | |
Balcangiu-Stroescu AE, Tanasescu MD, Diaconescu AC, Raducu L, Constantin AM, Balan DG, Ţarmure V and Ionescu D: Cardiovascular comorbidities, inflammation and serum albumin levels in a group of hemodialysis patients. Rev Chim Buchar. 69:926–929. 2018. | |
Timofte D, Mandita A, Balcangiu-Stroescu AE, Balan DG, Raducu L, Tanasescu MD, Diaconescu AC, Dragos D, Cosconel CI, Stoicescu SM, et al: Hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases-clinical and paraclinical correlations. Rev Chim Buchar. 70:1045–1046. 2019. | |
Totan A, Balcangiu-Stroescu AE, Melescanu Imre M, Miricescu D, Balan DG, Stanescu II, Ionescu D, Timofte D, Tanasescu MD and Greabu M: XOR-Possible correlations with oxidative stress and inflammation markers in the context of diabetic kidney disease. Rev Chim Buchar. 70:1396–1398. 2019. | |
Sars B, van der Sande FM and Kooman PJ: Intradialytic Hypotension: Mechanisms and outcome. Blood Purif. 49:158–167. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Flythe JE, Xue H, Lynch KE, Curhan GC and Brunelli SM: Association of mortality risk with various definitions of intradialytic hypotension. J Am Soc Nephrol. 26:724–734. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sands JJ, Usvyat LA, Sullivan T, Segal JH, Zabetakis P, Kotanko P, Maddux FW and Diaz-Buxo JA: Intradialytic hypotension: Frequency, sources of variation and correlation with clinical outcome. Hemodial Int. 18:415–422. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Reilly RF: Attending rounds: A patient with intradialytic hypotension. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 9:798–803. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Assimon MM and Flythe JE: Definitions of intradialytic hypotension. Semin Dial. 30:464–472. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Masani NN, Miyawaki N and Maesaka JK: A patient with an uncommon etiology of intradialytic hypotension. Semin Dial. 18:435–439. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Roy PN and Danziger RS: Dialysate magnesium concentration predicts the occurrence of intradialytic hypotension. J Am Soc Nephrol. 7(1496)1996. | |
Van der Sande FM, Cheriex EC, van Kuijk WH and Leunissen KM: Effect of dialysate calcium concentrations on intradialytic blood pressure course in cardiac-compromised patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 32:125–131. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Alappan R, Cruz D, Abu-Alfa AK, Mahnensmith R and Perazella MA: Treatment of severe intradialytic hypotension with the addition of high dialysate calcium concentration to midodrine and/or cool dialysate. Am J Kidney Dis. 37:294–299. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Lin CJ, Chen CY, Wu PC, Pan CF, Shih HM, Huang MY, Chou LH, Tang JS and Wu CJ: Intelligent system to predict intradialytic hypotension in chronic hemodialysis. J Formos Med Assoc. 117:888–893. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Seabra VF and Jaber BL: Acute complications during hemodialysis. In: Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. Floege J, Johnson RJ and Feehally J (eds). Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, pp1306-1307, 2010. | |
Kooman JP, Katzarski K, van der Sande FM, Leunissen KM and Kotanko P: Hemodialysis: A model for extreme physiology in a vulnerable patient population. Semin Dial. 31:500–506. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Barth C, Boer W, Garzoni D, Kuenzi T, Ries W, Schaefer R, Schneditz D, Tsobanelis T, van der Sande F, Wojke R, et al: Characteristics of hypotension-prone haemodialysis patients: Is there a critical relative blood volume? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 18:1353–1360. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Aronoff GR: The effect of treatment time, dialysis frequency, and ultrafiltration rate on intradialytic hypotension. Semin Dial. 30:489–491. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Levin NW, de Abreu MHFG, Borges LE, Tavares HA, Sarwar R, Gupta S, Hafeez T, Lev S and Williams C: Hemodynamic response to fluid removal during hemodialysis: Categorization of causes of intradialytic hypotension. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 33:1643–1649. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Feng Y, Zou Y, Zheng Y, Levin NW and Wang L: The value of non-invasive measurement of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance to categorize significant changes of intradialytic blood pressure: A prospective study. BMC Nephrol. 19(310)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
van der Sande FM, Dekker MJ, Leunissen KM and Kooman JP: Novel insights into the pathogenesis and prevention of intradialytic hypotension. Blood Purif. 45:230–235. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Assa S, Hummel YM, Voors AA, Kuipers J, Westerhuis R, de Jong PE and Franssen CFM: Hemodialysis-induced regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction: Prevalence, patient and dialysis treatment-related factors, and prognostic significance. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 7:1615–1623. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Seong EY, Zheng Y, Winkelmayer WC, Montez-Rath ME and Chang TI: The relationship between intradialytic hypotension and hospitalized mesenteric ischemia: A case-control study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 13:1517–1525. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Magder SA: The highs and lows of blood pressure: Toward meaningful clinical targets in patients with shock. Crit Care Med. 42:1241–1251. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Charytan DM, Skali H, Shah NR, Veeranna V, Cheezum MK, Taqueti VR, Kato T, Bibbo CR, Hainer J, Dorbala S, et al: Coronary flow reserve is predictive of the risk of cardiovascular death regardless of chronic kidney disease stage. Kidney Int. 93:501–509. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Burkhardt D, Bartosova M, Schaefer B, Grabe N, Lahrmann B, Nasser H, Freise C, Schneider A, Lingnau A, Degenhardt P, et al: Reduced microvascular density in omental biopsies of children with chronic kidney disease. PLoS One. 11(e0166050)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Mitsides N, Cornelis T, Broers NJ, Diederen NM, Brenchley P, van der Sande FM, Schalkwijk CG, Kooman JP and Mitra S: Extracellular overhydration linked with endothelial dysfunction in the context of inflammation in haemodialysis dependent chronic kidney disease. PLoS One. 12(e0183281)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Amann K, Wiest G, Zimmer G, Gretz N, Ritz E and Mall G: Reduced capillary density in the myocardium of uremic rats-a stereological study. Kidney Int. 42:1079–1085. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Mancini E, Perazzini C, Gesualdo L, Aucella F, Limido A, Scolari F, Savoldi S, Tramonti M, Corazza L, Atti M, et al: Intra-dialytic blood oxygen saturation (SO2): Association with dialysis hypotension (the SOGLIA Study). J Nephrol. 30:811–819. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Campos I, Chan L, Zhang H, Deziel S, Vaughn C, Meyring-Wösten A and Kotanko P: Intradialytic hypoxemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. Blood Purif. 41:177–187. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Knoll GA, Grabowski JA, Dervin GF and O'Rourke K: A randomized, controlled trial of albumin versus saline for the treatment of intradialytic hypotension. J Am Soc Nephrol. 15:487–492. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Nette RW, Krepel HP, van den Meiracker AH, Weimar W and Zietse R: Specific effect of the infusion of glucose on blood volume during haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 17:1275–1280. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kouw PM, Kooman JP, Cheriex EC, Olthof CG, de Vries PM and Leunissen KM: Assessment of postdialysis dry weight: A comparison of techniques. J Am Soc Nephrol. 4:98–104. 1993.PubMed/NCBI | |
Donauer J, Kölblin D, Bek M, Krause A and Bohler J: Ultrafiltration profiling and measurement of relative blood volume as strategies to reduce hemodialysis-related side effects. Am J Kidney Dis. 36:115–123. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Déziel C, Bouchard J, Zellweger M and Madore F: Impact of hemocontrol on hypertension, nursing interventions, and quality of life: A randomized, controlled trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2:661–668. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Basile C, Vernaglione L, Di Iorio B, Bellizzi V, Chimienti D, Lomonte C, Rubino A and D'Ambrosio N: Development and validation of bioimpedance analysis prediction equations for dry weight in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2:675–680. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Palmer BF and Henrich WL: Recent advances in the prevention and management of intradialytic hypotension. J Am Soc Nephrol. 19:8–11. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Caetano C, Valente A, Oliveira T and Garagarza C: Coffee consumption in hemodialysis patients: How many? Eur J Clin Nutr. 73:924–929. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Papacocea R, Badarau IA, Ciornei CM, Burciulescu Lider S and Papacocea MT: The effects of caffeine intake on cardiovascular in sleep deprived medical residents. Rev Chim Buchar. 70:1445–1448. 2019. | |
Kearney MT, Cowley AJ, Stubbs TA, Evans A and Macdonald IA: Depressor action of insulin on skeletal muscle vasculature: A novel mechanism for postprandial hypotension in the elderly. J Am Coll Cardiol. 31:209–216. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kutlugün AA, Erdem Y, Okutucu S, Yorgun H, Atalar E and Arici M: Effects of lowering dialysate sodium on flow-mediated dilatation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 26:3678–3682. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Mc Causland FR, Brunelli SM and Waikar SS: Dialysate sodium, serum sodium and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 27:1613–1618. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Basile C, Pisano A, Lisi P, Rossi L, Lomonte C and Bolignano D: High versus low dialysate sodium concentration in chronic haemodialysis patients: A systematic review of 23 studies. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 31:548–563. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Marshall MR, Vandal AC, de Zoysa JR, Gabriel RS, Haloob IA, Hood JC, Irvine JH, Matheson PJ, McGregor DOR, Rabindranath KS, et al: Effect of low-sodium versus conventional sodium dialysate on left ventricular mass in home and self-care satellite facility hemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 31:1078–1091. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Jindal K, Chan CT, Deziel C, Hirsch D, Soroka SD, Tonelli M and Culleton BF: Canadian Society of Nephrology Committee for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hemodialysis clinical practice guidelines for the Canadian Society of Nephrology. J Am Soc Nephrol. 17 (3 Suppl 1):S1–S27. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Maggiore Q, Pizzarelli F, Zoccali C, Sisca S, Nicolo F and Parlongo S: Effect of extracorporeal blood cooling on dialytic arterial hypotension. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 18:597–602. 1981.PubMed/NCBI | |
Lindholm T, Thysell H, Yamamoto Y, Forsberg B and Gullberg CA: Temperature and vascular stability in hemodialysis. Nephron. 39:130–133. 1985.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sherman RA, Rubin MP, Cody RP and Eisinger RP: Amelioration of hemodialysis-associated hypotension by the use of cool dialysate. Am J Kidney Dis. 5:124–127. 1985.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Quereda C, Orofino L, Marcen R, Sabater J, Matesanz R and Ortuno J: Influence of dialysate and membrane biocompatibility on hemodynamic stability in hemodialysis. Int J Artif Organs. 11:259–264. 1988.PubMed/NCBI | |
Orofino L, Marcén R, Quereda C, Villafruela JJ, Sabater J, Matesanz R, Pascual J and Ortuno J: Epidemiology of symptomatic hypotension in hemodialysis: Is cool dialysate beneficial for all patients? Am J Nephrol. 10:177–180. 1990.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Jost CM, Agarwal R, Khair-el-Din T, Grayburn PA, Victor RG and Henrich WL: Effects of cooler temperature dialysate on hemodynamic stability in ‘problem̓ dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 44:606–612. 1993.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Schneditz D, Martin K, Krämer M, Kenner T and Skrabal F: Effect of controlled extracorporeal blood cooling on ultrafiltration-induced blood volume changes during hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 8:956–964. 1997.PubMed/NCBI | |
Cruz DN, Mahnensmith RL, Brickel HM and Perazella MA: Midodrine and cool dialysate are effective therapies for symptomatic intradialytic hypotension. Am J Kidney Dis. 33:920–926. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Yu AW, Ing TS, Zabaneh RI and Daugirdas JT: Effect of dialysate temperature on central hemodynamics and urea kinetics. Kidney Int. 48:237–243. 1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Schneditz D, Ronco C and Levin N: Temperature control by the blood temperature monitor. Semin Dial. 16:477–482. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Pérgola PE, Habiba NM and Johnson JM: Body temperature regulation during hemodialysis in long-term patients: Is it time to change dialysate temperature prescription? Am J Kidney Dis. 44:155–165. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Pizzarelli F: From cold dialysis to isothermic dialysis: A twenty-five year voyage. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 22:1007–1012. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Mustafa RA, Bdair F, Akl EA, Garg AX, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Salameh H, Kisra S, Gihad N, Al-Jaishi A, Patel P, et al: Effect of lowering the dialysate temperature in chronic hemodialysis: A Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 11:442–457. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Flynn JJ III, Mitchell MC, Caruso FS and McElligott MA: Midodrine treatment for patients with hemodialysis hypotension. Clin Nephrol. 45:261–267. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Montagnac R, Clavel P, Delhotal-Landes B, Flouvat B, Poulain S and Schllinger F: Use of midodrine (Gutron) to treat permanent hypotension in a chronic hemodialysis patient. Clin Nephrol. 56:162–168. 2001.PubMed/NCBI | |
Perazella MA: Pharmacologic options available to treat symptomatic intradialytic hypotension. Am J Kidney Dis. 38 (4 Suppl 4):S26–S36. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Prakash S, Garg AX, Heidenheim AP and House AA: Midodrine appears to be safe and effective for dialysis-induced hypotension: A systematic review. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 19:2553–2558. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Low PA, Gilden JL, Freeman R, Sheng KN and McElligott MA: Efficacy of midodrine vs. placebo in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. A randomized, double-blind multicenter study. Midodrine Study Group. JAMA. 277:1046–1051. 1997.PubMed/NCBI | |
Dheenan S, Venkatesan J, Grubb BP and Henrich WL: Effect of sertraline hydrochloride on dialysis hypotension. Am J Kidney Dis. 31:624–630. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Imai E, Fujii M, Kohno Y, Kageyama H, Nakahara K, Hori M and Tsubakihara Y: Adenosine A1 receptor antagonist improves intradialytic hypotension. Kidney Int. 69:877–883. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Tattersall J, Martin-Malo A, Pedrini L, Basci A, Canaud B, Fouque D, Haage P, Kinner K, Kooman J, Pizzarelli F, et al: EBPG guideline on dialysis strategies. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 22 (Suppl 2):ii5–ii21. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Merino JL, Rivera M, Teruel JL, Mercén R and Ortuño J: CAPD as treatment of chronic debilitating hemodialysis hypotension. Perit Dial Int. 22(429)2002.PubMed/NCBI | |
Van Buren PN, Kim C, Toto RD and Inrig JK: The prevalence of persistent intradialytic hypertension in a hemodialysis population with extended follow-up. Int J Artif Organs. 35:1031–1038. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Chou KJ, Lee PT, Chen CL, Chiou CW, Hsu CY, Chung HM, Liu CP and Fang HC: Physiological changes during hemodialysis in patients with intradialysis hypertension. Kidney Int. 69:1833–1838. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Inrig JK, Van Buren P, Kim C, Vongpatanasin W, Povsic TJ and Toto RD: Intradialytic hypertension and its association with endothelial cell dysfunction. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 6:2016–2024. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Van Buren PN: Pathophysiology and implications of intradialytic hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 26:303–310. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Park J, Rhee C, Sim J, Kim YL, Ricks J, Streja E, Vashistha T, Tolouian R, Kovesdy CP and Zadeh K: A comparative effectiveness research study of the change in blood pressure during hemodialysis treatment and survival. Kidney Int. 84:795–802. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Agarwal R and Light RP: Intradialytic hypertension is a marker of volume excess. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 25:3355–3361. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Van Buren PN, Kim C, Toto R and Inrig JK: Intradialytic hypertension and the association with interdialytic ambulatory blood pressure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 6:1684–1691. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Agarwal R, Alborzi P, Satyan S and Light RP: Dry-weight reduction in hypertensive hemodialysis patients (DRIP): A randomized, controlled trial. Hypertension. 53:500–507. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
McCausland F and Waikar S: Association of predialysis calculated plasma osmolarity with intradialytic blood pressure decline. Am J Kidney Dis. 66:499–506. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Movilli E, Camerini C, Gaggia P, Zubani R, Feller P, Poiatti P, Pola A, Carli O, Valzorio B and Cancarini G: Role of dialysis sodium gradient on intradialytic hypertension: An observational study. Am J Nephrol. 38:413–419. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Dolson GM, Ellis KJ, Bernardo MV, Prakash R and Adrogué HJ: Acute decreases in serum potassium augment blood pressure. Am J Kidney Dis. 26:321–326. 1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Gabutti L, Bianchi G, Soldini D, Marone C and Burnier M: Haemodynamic consequences of changing bicarbonate and calcium concentrations in haemodialysis fluids. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 24:973–981. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Pun PH, Lehrich RW, Honeycutt EF, Herzog CA and Middleton JP: Modifiable risk factors associated with sudden cardiac arrest within hemodialysis clinics. Kidney Int. 79:218–227. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Fellner SK, Lang RM, Neumann A, Spencer KT, Bushinsky DA and Borow KM: Physiological mechanisms for calcium-induced changes in systemic arterial pressure in stable dialysis patients. Hypertension. 13:213–218. 1989.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
LeBeouf A, Mac-Way F, Utescu MS, Chbinou N, Douville P, Desmeules S and Agharazii M: Effects of acute variation of dialysate calcium concentrations on arterial stiffness and aortic pressure waveform. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 24:3788–3794. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Van Buren PN, Zhou Y, Neyra JA, Xiao G, Vongpatanasin W, Inrig J and Toto R: Extracellular volume overload and increased vasoconstriction in patients with recurrent intradialytic hypertension. Kidney Blood Press Res. 41:802–814. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Raj DSC, Vincent B, Simpson K, Sato E, Jones KL, Welbourne TC, Levi M, Shah V, Blandon P, Zager P and Robbins RA: Hemodynamic changes during hemodialysis: Role of nitric oxide and endothelin. Kidney Int. 61:697–704. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
El-Shafey EM, El-Nagar GF, Selim MF, El-Sorogy HA and Sabry AA: Is there a role for endothelin-1 in the hemodynamic changes during hemodialysis? Clin Exp Nephrol. 12:370–375. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Gutierrez-Adrianzen OA, Moraes ME, Almeida AP, Lima JW, Marinho MF, Marques AL, Madeiro JP, Nepomuceno L, da Silva JM Jr, Silva GB Jr, et al: Pathophysiological, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine changes in hypertensive patients during the hemodialysis session. J Hum Hypertens. 29:366–372. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Teng J, Tian J, Lv WL, Zhang XY, Zou JZ, Fang Y, Yu J, Shen B, Liu ZH and Ding XQ: Inappropriately elevated endothelin-1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of intradialytic hypertension. Hemodial Int. 19:279–286. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sinha AD, Light RP and Agarwal R: Relative plasma volume monitoring during hemodialysis AIDS the assessment of dry weight. Hypertension. 55:305–311. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Inrig J, Van Buren P, Kim C, Vongpatanasin W, Povsic TJ and Toto R: Probing the mechanisms of intradialytic hypertension: A pilot study targeting endothelial cell dysfunction. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 7:1300–1309. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Inrig JK, Molina C, D'Silva K, Kim C, Van Buren P, Allen J and Toto R: Effect of low versus high dialysate sodium concentration on blood pressure and endothelial-derived vasoregulators during hemodialysis: A randomized crossover study. Am J Kidney Dis. 65:464–473. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Voroneanu L and Covic A: Arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients. J Nephrol. 22:716–725. 2009.PubMed/NCBI | |
United States Renal Data System (USRDS): USRDS 2013 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2013. https://www.usrds.org/atlas13.aspx Accessed June 25, 2020. | |
Zebe H: Atrial fibrillation in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 15:765–768. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Vazquez E, Sanchez-Perales C, Borrego F, Garcia-Cortes MJ, Lozano C, Guzman M, Gil JM, Borrego MJ and Perez V: Influence of atrial fibrillation on the morbido-mortality of patients on hemodialysis. Am Heart J. 140:886–890. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Genovesi S, Vincenti A, Rossi E, Pogliani D, Acquistapace I, Stella A and Valsecchi MG: Atrial fibrillation and morbidity and mortality in a cohort of long-term hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 51:255–262. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Abbott KC, Trespalacios FC, Taylor AJ and Agodoa LY: Atrial fibrillation in chronic dialysis patients in the United States: Risk factors for hospitalization and mortality. BMC Nephrol. 4(1)2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Hecking E, Bragg-Gresham JL, Rayner HC, Pisoni RL, Andreuci VE, Combe C, Greenwood R, McCullough Feldman HI, Young EW, et al: Haemodialysis prescription, adherence and nutritional indicators in five European countries: Results from the dialysis Outcomes and practice patterns Study (DOPPS). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 19:100–107. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Karnik JA, Young BS, Lew NL, Herget M, Dubinsky C, Lazarus JM and Chertow GM: Cardiac arrest and sudden death in dialysis units. Kidney Int. 60:350–357. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Genovessi S, Pogliani D, Faini A, Valsecchi MG, Riva A, Stefani F, Acquistapace I, Stella A, Bonforte G, DeVecchi A, et al: Prevalence of atrial fibrillation and associated factors in a population of long-term hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 46:897–902. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Fischer R, Dechend R, Gapelyuk A, Shagdarsuren E, Gruner K, Gratze A, Gratze P, Qadri F, Wellner M, Fiebeler A, et al: Angiotensin II-induced sudden arrhythmic death and electrical remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 293:H1242–H1253. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Fierbințeanu-Braticevici C, Papacocea R, Tribus L and Băicuş C: Role of 13C Methacetin breath test for noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Indian J Med Res. 140:123–129. 2014.PubMed/NCBI | |
Takeda K, Nakamoto M, Baba M, Tanaka T, Yasunaga C, Nishihara G, Matsuo K and Urabe M: Echocardiographic evaluation in long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis compared with the hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol. 49:308–312. 1998.PubMed/NCBI | |
Tica OA, Tica O, Antal L, Hatos A, Popescu MI, Pantea Stoian A, Bratu OG, Găman MA, Pituru SM and Diaconu CC: Modern oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: Insights from the clinical practice. Farmacia. 66:972–976. 2018. | |
Laslo C, Pantea Stoian A, Socea B, Paduraru D, Bodean O, Socea L, Neagu TP, Stanescu AMA, Marcu D and Diaconu CC: New oral anticoagulants and their reversal agents. J Mind Med Sci. 5:195–201. 2018. | |
Routledge HC, Chowdhary S and Townend JN: Heart rate variability: A therapeutic target? J Clin Pharm Ther. 27:85–92. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Herzog CA: Don't forget the defibrillator in the dialysis unit. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 19:2959–2960. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sakhuja R, Keebler M, Lai TS, McLaughli Gavin C, Thakur R and Bhatt DL: Meta-analysis of mortality in dialysis patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Am J Cardiol. 103:735–741. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Anavekar NS, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Solomon SD, Kober L, Rouleau JL, White HD, Nordlander R, Maggioni A, Dickstein K, et al: Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 351:1285–1295. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE and Hsu C: Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 351:1296–1305. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Collins AJ, Foley RN, Herzog C, Chavers B, Gilbertson D, Ishani A, Kasiske B, Liu J, Mau LW, McBean M, et al: United States renal data system 2008 annual data report abstract. Am J Kidney Dis. 53 (1 Suppl):S1–S374. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ix JH, Shlipak MG, Liu HH, Schiller NB and Whooley MA: Association between renal insufficiency and inducible ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease: The heart and soul study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 14:3233–3238. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, Coresh J, Culleton B, Hamm LL, McCullough PA, Kasiske BL, Kelepouris E, Klag MJ, et al: Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: A statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation. 108:2154–2169. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Go AS, Bansal N, Chandra M, Lathon PV, Fortmann SP, Iribarren C, Hsu CY and Hlatky M: ADVANCE Study Investigators. Chronic kidney disease and risk for presenting with acute myocardial infarction versus stable exertional angina in adults with coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 58:1600–1607. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Collins AJ, Foley RN, Herzog C, Chavers BM, Gilbertson D, Ishani A, Kasiske BL, Liu J, Mau LW, McBean M, et al: Excerpts from the US renal data system 2009 annual data report. Am J Kidney Dis. 55 (1 Suppl 1):S1–S420, A6-A7. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
United States Renal Data System (USRDS): USRDS 2013 annual data report: atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2013. https://www.usrds.org/atlas13.aspx. Accessed August 19, 2016. | |
Herzog CA and Passman R: Evaluation of sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death in dialysis patients. UpToDate, 2020. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-sudden-cardiac-arrest-and-sudden-cardiac-death-in-dialysis-patients. Accessed June 2, 2020. | |
Muntner P, He J, Hamm L, Loria C and Whelton PK: Renal insufficiency and subsequent death resulting from cardiovascular disease in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol. 13:745–753. 2002.PubMed/NCBI | |
Di Benedetto A, Marcelli D, D'Andrea A, Cice G, D'Isa S, Cappabianca F, Pacchiano G, D'Amato R, Oggero AR, Bonanno D, et al: Risk factors and underlying cardiovascular diseases in incident ESRD patients. J Nephrol. 18:592–598. 2005.PubMed/NCBI | |
Shah DS, Polkinghorne KR, Pellicano R and Kerr PG: Are traditional risk factors valid for assessing cardiovascular risk in end-stage renal failure patients? Nephrology (Carlton). 13:667–671. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Levey AS, Coresh J, Balk E, Kausz AT, Levin A, Steffes MW, Hogg RJ, Perrone RD, Lau J and Eknoyan G: National Kidney Foundation. National kidney foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification. Ann Intern Med. 139:137–147. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, Bates ER, Green LA, Hand M, Hochman JS, Krumhols H, Kushner FG, Lamas GA, et al: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction-executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation. 110:588–636. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Van der Velde M, Matsushita K, Coresh J, Astor BC, Woodward M, Levey A, de Jong P and Gansevoort RT: Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. van der Velde M, et al: Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. A collaborative meta-analysis of high-risk population cohorts. Kidney Int. 79:1341–1352. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Hörl WH, Cohen JJ, Harrington JT, Madias NE and Zusman CJ: Atherosclerosis and uremic retention solutes. Kidney Int. 66:1719–1731. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Becker BN, Himmelfarb J, Henrich WL and Hakim RM: Reassessing the cardiac risk profile in chronic hemodialysis patients: A hypothesis on the role of oxidant stress and other non-traditional cardiac risk factors. J Am Soc Nephrol. 8:475–486. 1997.PubMed/NCBI | |
Harper SJ and Bates DO: Endothelial permeability in uremia. Kidney Int Suppl. 63:S84–S44. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Stenvinkel P, Pecoits-Filho R and Lindholm B: Coronary artery disease in end-stage renal disease: No longer a simple plumbing problem. J Am Soc Nephrol. 14:1927–1939. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Buzello M, Törnig J, Faulhaber J, Ehmke H, Ritz E and Amann K: The apolipoprotein e knockout mouse: A model documenting accelerated atherogenesis in uremia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 14:311–316. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Bro S, Bentzon JF, Falk E, Andersen CB, Olgaard K and Nielsen LB: Chronic renal failure accelerates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Am Soc Nephrol. 14:2466–2474. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Bro S, Moeller F, Andersen CB, Olgaard K and Nielsen LB: Increased expression of adhesion molecules in uremic atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. J Am Soc Nephrol. 15:1495–1503. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Deicher R, Ziai F, Bieglmayer C, Schillinger M and Horl WH: Low total vitamin C plasma level is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 16:1811–1818. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Antoniades C, Demosthenous M, Tousoulis D, Antonopoulos AS, Vlachopoulos C, Toutouza M, Marinou K, Bakogiannis C, Mavragani K, Lazaros G, et al: Role of asymmetrical dimethylarginine in inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction in human atherosclerosis. Hypertension. 58:93–98. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Juonala M, Viikari JS, Alfthan G, Marniemi J, Kahonen M, Taittonen L, Laitinen T and Raitakari OT: Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and asymmetrical dimethylarginine in the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. Circulation. 116:1367–1373. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Zoccali C, Bode-Böger S, Mallamaci F, Benedetto F, Tripepi G, Malatino L, Cataliotti A, Bellanuova I, Fermo I, Frolich J and Böger R: Plasma concentration of asymmetrical dimethylarginine and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease: A prospective study. Lancet. 358:2113–2117. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Nuhu F and Bhandari S: Oxidative stress and cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease, the impact of anaemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 11(103)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Papacocea T, Buraga I, Papacocea R, Badarau AI, Buraga M, Ciornei C, Mihai G, Stoian I and Adam D: Antioxidant enzymes-potential targets in intracerebral haemorrhage. Farmacia. 62:1118–1125. 2014. | |
Vervloet M and Cozzolino M: Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: Different bricks in the wall? Kidney Int. 91:808–817. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Jablonski KL and Chonchol M: Vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease. Hemodial Int. 17 (Suppl 1):S17–S21. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Sosnov J, Lessard D, Goldberg RJ, Yarzebski J and Gore JM: Differential symptoms of acute myocardial infarction in patients with kidney disease: A community-wide perspective. Am J Kidney Dis. 47:378–384. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Herzog CA, Littrell K, Arko C, Frederick PD and Blaney M: Clinical characteristics of dialysis patients with acute myocardial infarction in the United States: A collaborative project of the United States Renal Data System and the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. Circulation. 116:1465–1472. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Freda BJ, Tang WH, Van Lente F, Peacock WF and Francis GS: Cardiac troponins in renal insufficiency: Review and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 40:2065–2071. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Bonello L, De Labriolle A, Roy P, Steinberg DH, Okabe T, Pinto Slottow TL, Xue Z, Torguson R, Suddath WO, Satler LF, et al: Impact of optimal medical therapy and revascularization on outcome of patients with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis who presented with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 102:535–540. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Keltai M, Tonelli M, Mann JF, Sitkei E, Lewis BS, Hawken S, Mehta SR and Yusuf S: CURE Trial Investigators. Renal function and outcomes in acute coronary syndrome: Impact of clopidogrel. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 14:312–318. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Palmer SC, Di Micco L, Razavian M, Craig JC, Perkovic V, Pellegrini F, Copetti M, Graziano G, Tognoni G, Jardine M, et al: Effects of antiplatelet therapy on mortality and cardiovascular and bleeding outcomes in persons with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 156:445–459. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
James S, Budaj A, Aylward P, Buck KK, Cannon CP, Cornel JH, Harrington RA, Horrow J, Katus H, Keltai M, et al: Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes in relation to renal function: Results from the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Circulation. 122:1056–1067. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Huang CC and Chen JW: Contemporary management of coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Acta Cardiol Sin. 29:132–141. 2013.PubMed/NCBI | |
Strippoli GF, Navaneethan SD, Johnson DW, Perkovic V, Pellegrini F, Nicolucci A and Craig JC: Effects of statins in patients with chronic kidney disease: Meta-analysis and metaregression of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 336:645–651. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Chou MT, Wang JJ, Sun YM, Sheu MJ, Chu CC, Weng SF, Chio CC, Kan WC and Chien CC: Epidemiology and mortality among dialysis patients with acute coronary syndrome: Taiwan National Cohort Study. Int J Cardiol. 167:2719–2723. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Herzog CA, Ma JZ and Collins AJ: Comparative survival of dialysis patients in the United States after coronary angioplasty, coronary artery stenting, and coronary artery bypass surgery and impact of diabetes. Circulation. 106:2207–2211. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Szczech LA, Reddan DN, Owen WF, Racz M, Jones RH and Hannan EL: Differential survival after coronary revascularization procedures among patients with renal insufficiency. Kidney Int. 60:292–299. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Koyanagi T, NisIDHa H, Kitamura M, Endo M, Koyanagi H, Kawaguchi M, Magosaki N, Suiyoshi T and Hosoda S: Comparison of clinical outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in renal dialysis patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 61:1793–1796. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Podrid PJ: Pathophysiology and etiology of sudden cardiac arrest. UpToDate, 2020. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathophysiology-and-etiology-of-sudden-cardiac-arrest Accessed June 2, 2020. | |
Jadoul M, Thumma J, Fuller DS, Tentori F, Li Y, Morgenstern H, Mendekssohn D, Tomo T, Ethier J, Port F and Robinson BM: Modifiable practices associated with sudden death among hemodialysis patients in the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 7:765–774. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Pun PH, Lehrich RW, Smith SR and Middleton JP: Predictors of survival after cardiac arrest in outpatient hemodialysis clinics. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2:491–500. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kudenchuk PJ, Stuart R, Husain S, Fahrenbruch C and Eisenberg M: Treatment and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in outpatient health care facilities. Resuscitation. 97:97–102. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Makar MS and Pun HP: Sudden cardiac death among hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 69:684–695. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Huikuri HV, Castellanos A and Myerburg RJ: Sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias. N Engl J Med. 345:1473–1482. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Bayes de Luna A, Coumel P and Leclercq JF: Ambulatory sudden cardiac death: Mechanisms of production of fatal arrhythmia on the basis of data from 157 cases. Am Heart J. 117:151–159. 1989.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ohtake T, Kobayashi S, Moriya H, Negishi K, Okamoto K, Maesato K and Saito S: High prevalence of occult coronary artery stenosis in patients with chronic kidney disease at the initiation of renal replacement therapy: An angiographic examination. J Am Soc Nephrol. 16:1141–1148. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Yamada S, Ishii H, Takahashi H, Aoyama T, Morita Y, Kasuga H, Kimura K, Ito Y, Takahashi R, Toriyama T, et al: Prognostic value of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction at start of hemodialysis therapy on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 5:1793–1798. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kalantar-Zadeh K, Block G, Humphreys MH and Kopple JD: Reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 63:793–808. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Bleyer AJ, Hartman J, Brannon PC, Reeves-Daniel A, Satko SG and Russell G: Characteristics of sudden death in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 69:2268–2273. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Mangrum AJ, Lin D, Dimarco JP, Bolton WK and Mangrum JM: Sudden cardiac death and left ventricular function in hemodialysis patients. Heart Rhythm. 2 (Suppl)(S33)2005. | |
Keller SP and Halperin HR: Cardiac arrest: The changing incidence of ventricular fibrillation. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 17(392)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Bonato FO, Lemos MM, Cassiolato JL and Canziani ME: Prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia and its associated factors in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients. PLoS One. 8(e66036)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wan C, Herzog CA, Zareba W and Szymkiewicz SJ: Sudden cardiac arrest in hemodialysis patients with wearable cardioverter defibrillator. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 19:247–257. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Lafrance JP, Nolin L, Senecal L and Leblanc M: Predictors and outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) calls in a large haemodialysis unit over a seven-year period. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 21:1006–1012. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Charytan DM, Foley R, McCullough PA, Rogers JD, Zimetbaum P, Herzog CA and Tumlin JA: MiD Investigators and Committees. Arrhythmia and sudden death in hemodialysis patients: Protocol and baseline characteristics of the monitoring in dialysis study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 11:721–734. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Roy-Chaudhury P, Tumlin JA, Koplan BA, Costea AI, Kher V, Williamson D, Pokhariyal S and Charytan DM: MiD investigators and committees. Primary outcomes of the Monitoring in Dialysis Study indicate that clinically significant arrhythmias are common in hemodialysis patients and related to dialytic cycle. Kidney Int. 93:941–951. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ganesh SK, Stack AG, Levin NW, Hulbert-Shearon T and Port FK: Association of elevated serum PO(4), Ca x PO(4) product, and parathyroid hormone with cardiac mortality risk in chronic hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 12:2131–2138. 2001.PubMed/NCBI | |
Herzog CA: Cardiac arrest in dialysis patients: Approaches to alter an abysmal outcome. Kidney Int Suppl. 63:S197–S200. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Pun PH, Smarz TR, Honeycutt EF, Shaw LK, Al-Khatib SM and Middleton JP: Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death among patients with coronary artery disease. Kidney Int. 76:652–658. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Diaconu C: Treatment of diabetes in patients with heart failure. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Interdisciplinary Management of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications-Diabetes mellitus as cardiovascular disease. INTERDIAB, Bucharest, pp170-177, 2017. | |
Parekh RS, Plantinga LC, Kao WHL, Meoni LA, Jaar BG, Fink NE, Powe NR, Coresh J and Klag MJ: The association of sudden cardiac death with inflammation and other traditional risk factors. Kidney Int. 74:1335–1342. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Drechsler C, Krane V, Winkler K, Dekker FW and Wanner C: Changes in adiponectin and the risk of sudden death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 76:567–575. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Domanski MJ, Zipes DP and Schron E: Treatment of sudden cardiac death. Current understandings from randomized trials and future research directions. Circulation. 95:2694–2699. 1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Agarwal R, Sinha AD, Pappas MK, Abraham TN and Tegegne GG: Hypertension in hemodialysis patients treated with atenolol or lisinopril: A randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 29:672–681. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Tangri N, Shastri S, Tighiouart H, Beck GJ, Cheung AK, Eknoyan G and Sarnak MJ: β-Blockers for prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients on hemodialysis: A propensity score analysis of the HEMO Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 58:939–945. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Beaubien ER, Pylypchuk GB, Akhtar J and Biem HJ: Value of corrected QT interval dispersion in identifying patients initiating dialysis at increased risk of total and cardiovascular mortality. Am J Kidney Dis. 39:834–842. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Di Iorio B, Torraca S, Piscopo C, Sirico ML, Micco LD, Pota A, Tartaglia D, Berardino L, Morrone LF and Russo D: Dialysate bath and QTc interval in patients on chronic maintenance hemodialysis: Pilot study of single dialysis effects. J Nephrol. 25:653–660. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Pun PH, Horton JR and Middleton JP: Dialysate calcium concentration and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 8:797–803. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Timofte D, Ionescu D, Medrihan L, Mandita A, Rasina A and Damian L: Vascular calcification and bone disease in hemodialysis patients assessment, association and risk factors. Nephrol Dialysis Transplantation. 22:325–326. 2007. | |
Timofte D, Dragos D, Balcangiu-Stroescu AE, Tanasescu MD, Balan DG, Raducu L, Tulin A, Stiru O and Ionescu D: Abdominal aortic calcification in predialysis patients: Contribution of traditional and uremia-related risk factors. Exp Ther Med. 20:97–102. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kim ED and Parekh RS: Calcium and sudden cardiac death in end-stage renal disease. Semin Dial. 28:624–635. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Di Lullo L, Rivera R, Barbera V, Bellasi A, Cozzolino M, Russo D, De Pascalis A, Banerjee D, Floccari F and Ronco C: Sudden cardiac death and chronic kidney disease: From pathophysiology to treatment strategies. Int J Cardiol. 217:16–27. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Flythe JE and Brunelli SM: The risks of high ultrafiltration rate in chronic hemodialysis: Implications for patient care. Semin Dial. 24:259–265. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Flythe JE, Kimmel SE and Brunelli SM: Rapid fluid removal during dialysis is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Kidney Int. 79:250–257. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Mendoza JM, Bayes LY, Sun S, Doss S and Schiller B: Effect of lowering dialysate sodium concentration on interdialytic weight gain and blood pressure in patients undergoing thrice-weekly in-center nocturnal hemodialysis: A quality improvement study. Am J Kidney Dis. 58:956–963. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
Jefferies HJ, Burton JO and McIntyre CW: Individualised dialysate temperature improves intradialytic haemodynamics and abrogates haemodialysis-induced myocardial stunning, without compromising tolerability. Blood Purif. 32:63–68. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar |