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Novel immunological and genetic factors associated with vitiligo: A review

  • Authors:
    • Salvador Luis Said‑Fernandez
    • Celia Nohemi Sanchez‑Domínguez
    • Mauricio Andres Salinas‑Santander
    • Herminia Guadalupe Martinez‑Rodriguez
    • David Emmanuel Kubelis‑Lopez
    • Natalia Aranza Zapata‑Salazar
    • Osvaldo Tomas Vazquez‑Martinez
    • Uwe Wollina
    • Torello Lotti
    • Jorge Ocampo‑Candiani
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez Medicine School and University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico, Research Department, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico, Dermatology Service, Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez Medicine School and University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Skin Cancer Center, Städtisches Klinikum, D‑01067 Dresden, Germany, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Guglielmo Marconi of Rome, I‑00193 Rome, Italy
    Copyright: © Said‑Fernandez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 312
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    Published online on: February 1, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9743
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Abstract

Vitiligo is a skin disorder characterized by depigmentation of the skin due to a lack of melanin. This condition affects men and woman of all ages and its incidence is not restricted by ethnicity or region. Vitiligo is a multifactorial disease, in which melanocytes, which serve important functions in skin pigmentation and immune processes, are impaired. There is sufficient evidence that immunological and genetic factors are primarily responsible for the destruction and dysfunction of melanocytes. Therefore, genetic DNA sequence variants that participate in skin homeostasis, pigmentation and immune response regulation, as well as altered expression patterns, may contribute to the risk of developing vitiligo. The current review presented an overview of the mechanism of pigmentation and of currently known factors involved in depigmentation, as well as the classification, epidemiology, associated comorbidities, risk factors, immunopathogenesis and several genetic and molecular changes associated with vitiligo.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Said‑Fernandez SL, Sanchez‑Domínguez CN, Salinas‑Santander MA, Martinez‑Rodriguez HG, Kubelis‑Lopez DE, Zapata‑Salazar NA, Vazquez‑Martinez OT, Wollina U, Lotti T, Ocampo‑Candiani J, Ocampo‑Candiani J, et al: Novel immunological and genetic factors associated with vitiligo: A review. Exp Ther Med 21: 312, 2021.
APA
Said‑Fernandez, S.L., Sanchez‑Domínguez, C.N., Salinas‑Santander, M.A., Martinez‑Rodriguez, H.G., Kubelis‑Lopez, D.E., Zapata‑Salazar, N.A. ... Ocampo‑Candiani, J. (2021). Novel immunological and genetic factors associated with vitiligo: A review. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 312. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9743
MLA
Said‑Fernandez, S. L., Sanchez‑Domínguez, C. N., Salinas‑Santander, M. A., Martinez‑Rodriguez, H. G., Kubelis‑Lopez, D. E., Zapata‑Salazar, N. A., Vazquez‑Martinez, O. T., Wollina, U., Lotti, T., Ocampo‑Candiani, J."Novel immunological and genetic factors associated with vitiligo: A review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.4 (2021): 312.
Chicago
Said‑Fernandez, S. L., Sanchez‑Domínguez, C. N., Salinas‑Santander, M. A., Martinez‑Rodriguez, H. G., Kubelis‑Lopez, D. E., Zapata‑Salazar, N. A., Vazquez‑Martinez, O. T., Wollina, U., Lotti, T., Ocampo‑Candiani, J."Novel immunological and genetic factors associated with vitiligo: A review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 4 (2021): 312. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9743
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Said‑Fernandez SL, Sanchez‑Domínguez CN, Salinas‑Santander MA, Martinez‑Rodriguez HG, Kubelis‑Lopez DE, Zapata‑Salazar NA, Vazquez‑Martinez OT, Wollina U, Lotti T, Ocampo‑Candiani J, Ocampo‑Candiani J, et al: Novel immunological and genetic factors associated with vitiligo: A review. Exp Ther Med 21: 312, 2021.
APA
Said‑Fernandez, S.L., Sanchez‑Domínguez, C.N., Salinas‑Santander, M.A., Martinez‑Rodriguez, H.G., Kubelis‑Lopez, D.E., Zapata‑Salazar, N.A. ... Ocampo‑Candiani, J. (2021). Novel immunological and genetic factors associated with vitiligo: A review. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 312. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9743
MLA
Said‑Fernandez, S. L., Sanchez‑Domínguez, C. N., Salinas‑Santander, M. A., Martinez‑Rodriguez, H. G., Kubelis‑Lopez, D. E., Zapata‑Salazar, N. A., Vazquez‑Martinez, O. T., Wollina, U., Lotti, T., Ocampo‑Candiani, J."Novel immunological and genetic factors associated with vitiligo: A review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.4 (2021): 312.
Chicago
Said‑Fernandez, S. L., Sanchez‑Domínguez, C. N., Salinas‑Santander, M. A., Martinez‑Rodriguez, H. G., Kubelis‑Lopez, D. E., Zapata‑Salazar, N. A., Vazquez‑Martinez, O. T., Wollina, U., Lotti, T., Ocampo‑Candiani, J."Novel immunological and genetic factors associated with vitiligo: A review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 4 (2021): 312. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9743
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