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Huanglian‑Houpo drug combination ameliorates H1N1‑induced mouse pneumonia via cytokines, antioxidant factors and TLR/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathways

Retraction in: /10.3892/etm.2025.12931
  • Authors:
    • Li Zhang
    • Bei Zhang
    • Linjing Wang
    • Mingwu Lou
    • Yunxia Shen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China, Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 428
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    Published online on: February 26, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9845
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Abstract

Huanglian‑Houpo drug combination (HHDC) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine that has been effectively used to treat seasonal colds and flu. However, no systematic studies of the effects of HHDC on H1N1 influenza infection and the associated mechanisms have been reported. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti‑H1N1 influenza effects of HHDC and explore the underlying mechanisms. A mouse model of H1N1‑induced pneumonia was established and the mice were treated with HHDC (4, 8 and 16 g/kg) for 5 days after viral challenge. The antiviral effects of HHDC and the underlying mechanisms in the mice were investigated and evaluated with respect to inflammation, oxidative stress and Toll‑like receptor (TLR)/myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88)/nuclear factor (NF)‑κB signaling pathways. HHDC provided significant protection against weight loss and reduced the H1N1 viral load in the lungs. In addition, HHDC significantly decreased the lung index and increased the spleen and thymus indices of the H1N1‑infected mice. HHDC also significantly ameliorated the histopathological changes of pneumonia, decreased serum levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑α and interferon‑γ, and increased the serum level of IL‑2. Moreover, HHDC significantly increased the levels of the antioxidant factors superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and reduced the serum level of nitric oxide. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR3, TLR7, MyD88, NF‑κB p65 and tumor necrosis factor receptor‑associated factor 3 in the lung tissues were significantly decreased by HHDC. These findings suggest that HHDC directly inhibited H1N1 infection in vivo and exerted a therapeutic effect on influenza‑induced pneumonia in mice by modulating cytokines, antioxidant factors and TLR/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathways.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang L, Zhang B, Wang L, Lou M and Shen Y: Huanglian‑Houpo drug combination ameliorates H1N1‑induced mouse pneumonia via cytokines, antioxidant factors and TLR/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathways Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2025.12931. Exp Ther Med 21: 428, 2021.
APA
Zhang, L., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Lou, M., & Shen, Y. (2021). Huanglian‑Houpo drug combination ameliorates H1N1‑induced mouse pneumonia via cytokines, antioxidant factors and TLR/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathways Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2025.12931. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 428. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9845
MLA
Zhang, L., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Lou, M., Shen, Y."Huanglian‑Houpo drug combination ameliorates H1N1‑induced mouse pneumonia via cytokines, antioxidant factors and TLR/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathways Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2025.12931". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.5 (2021): 428.
Chicago
Zhang, L., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Lou, M., Shen, Y."Huanglian‑Houpo drug combination ameliorates H1N1‑induced mouse pneumonia via cytokines, antioxidant factors and TLR/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathways Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2025.12931". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 5 (2021): 428. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9845
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang L, Zhang B, Wang L, Lou M and Shen Y: Huanglian‑Houpo drug combination ameliorates H1N1‑induced mouse pneumonia via cytokines, antioxidant factors and TLR/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathways Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2025.12931. Exp Ther Med 21: 428, 2021.
APA
Zhang, L., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Lou, M., & Shen, Y. (2021). Huanglian‑Houpo drug combination ameliorates H1N1‑induced mouse pneumonia via cytokines, antioxidant factors and TLR/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathways Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2025.12931. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 428. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9845
MLA
Zhang, L., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Lou, M., Shen, Y."Huanglian‑Houpo drug combination ameliorates H1N1‑induced mouse pneumonia via cytokines, antioxidant factors and TLR/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathways Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2025.12931". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.5 (2021): 428.
Chicago
Zhang, L., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Lou, M., Shen, Y."Huanglian‑Houpo drug combination ameliorates H1N1‑induced mouse pneumonia via cytokines, antioxidant factors and TLR/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathways Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2025.12931". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 5 (2021): 428. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9845
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