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Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure

  • Authors:
    • Yuzheng Wu
    • Siqi Cui
    • Wenjun Wang
    • Tianzi Jian
    • Baotian Kan
    • Xiangdong Jian
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 275
    |
    Published online on: February 11, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11201
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Abstract

Diquat (1,1'‑ethylene‑2,2'‑bipyridylium) is a type of widely used agricultural chemical, whose toxicity results in damage to numerous tissues, including the lung, liver, kidney and brain. The aim of the present study was to establish a rat model of acute diquat exposure and explore the relationship between diquat concentration, and kidney and lung injury, in order to provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment. A total of 140 healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and exposure groups. The diquat solution was administered intragastrically to the exposure group at 1/2 of the lethal dose (140 mg/kg). An equal volume of water was administered to the control group. The dynamic changes in the plasma and tissue diquat levels were quantitatively determined at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h following exposure using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The content of hydroxyproline (HYP) in the lung tissues, as well as the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), kidney injury molecule‑1 (KIM‑1) and tumor growth factor (TGF)‑β1, were detected using western blot analysis at every time point. Lung and kidney morphology were also assessed. Electron microscopy showed that the degree of renal damage gradually increased with time. Vacuolation gradually increased, some mitochondrial bilayer membrane structures disappeared and lysosomes increased. The lung tissue damage was mild, and the cell membrane integrity and organelles were damaged to varying degrees. The plasma and organ levels of diquat peaked at ~2 h, followed by a steady decrease, depending on the excretion rate. Over time, the serum concentrations of UA, BUN, Cr and KIM‑1 were all significantly increased (P<0.05). Serum KIM‑1 in rats was increased after 0.5 h, and was significantly increased after 4 h, suggesting that KIM‑1 is an effective predictor of early renal injury. Early TGF‑β1 expression was clearly observed in renal tissue, while no clear TGF‑β1 expression was observed in the lung tissue. In conclusion, the concentration of diquat in the serum and tissue of rats with acute diquat poisoning peaked at an early stage and then rapidly decreased. The renal function damage and pathological changes persisted, the lung tissue was slightly damaged with inflammatory cell infiltration, and early pulmonary fibrosis injury was not obvious.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wu Y, Cui S, Wang W, Jian T, Kan B and Jian X: Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure. Exp Ther Med 23: 275, 2022.
APA
Wu, Y., Cui, S., Wang, W., Jian, T., Kan, B., & Jian, X. (2022). Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 275. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11201
MLA
Wu, Y., Cui, S., Wang, W., Jian, T., Kan, B., Jian, X."Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.4 (2022): 275.
Chicago
Wu, Y., Cui, S., Wang, W., Jian, T., Kan, B., Jian, X."Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 4 (2022): 275. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11201
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wu Y, Cui S, Wang W, Jian T, Kan B and Jian X: Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure. Exp Ther Med 23: 275, 2022.
APA
Wu, Y., Cui, S., Wang, W., Jian, T., Kan, B., & Jian, X. (2022). Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 275. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11201
MLA
Wu, Y., Cui, S., Wang, W., Jian, T., Kan, B., Jian, X."Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.4 (2022): 275.
Chicago
Wu, Y., Cui, S., Wang, W., Jian, T., Kan, B., Jian, X."Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 4 (2022): 275. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11201
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