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Differential impact of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme‑2 (ACE2 rs4343 G>A) and miR‑196a2 rs11614913 C>T gene alterations in COVID‑19 disease severity and mortality

  • Authors:
    • Mohammad Muzaffar Mir
    • Rashid Mir
    • Mushabab Ayed Abdullah Alghamdi
    • Badr Abdulmohsin Alsayed
    • Imadeldin Elfaki
    • Ali Al Bshabshe
    • Rabia Farooq
    • Muhanad Alhujaily
    • Muffarah Hamid Alharthi
    • Mohannad Mohammad S. Alamri
    • Abdullah M. Al‑Shahrani
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Biochemistry), College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia, Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Department of MLT, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia, Department of Internal Medicine/Critical Care, College of Medicine King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
    Copyright: © Mir et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 418
    |
    Published online on: April 29, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11345
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Abstract

The recent coronavirus outbreak from Wuhan China in late 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‑2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) resulted in a global pandemic of coronavirus‑19 disease (COVID‑19). Understating the underlying mechanism of the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection is important not only because it will help in accurate diagnosis and treatment of the infection but also in the production of effective vaccines. The infection begins when SARS‑CoV‑2 enters the cells through binding of its envelope glycoprotein to angiotensin‑converting enzyme2 (ACE2). Gene variations of ACE2 and microRNA (miR)‑196 are associated with viral infection and other diseases. The present study investigated the association of the ACE2 rs4343 G>A and miR‑196a2 rs11614913 C>T gene polymorphisms with severity and mortality of COVID‑19 using amplification refractory mutation system PCR in 117 COVID‑19 patients and 103 healthy controls from three regions of Saudi Arabia. The results showed that ACE2 rs4343 GA genotype was associated with severity of COVID‑19 (OR=2.10, P‑value 0.0028) and ACE2 rs4343 GA was associated with increased mortality with OR=3.44, P‑value 0.0028. A strong correlation between the ACE2 rs4343 G>A genotype distribution among COVID‑19 patients was reported with respect to their comorbid conditions including sex (P<0.023), coronary artery disease (P<0.0001), oxygen saturation <60 mm Hg (P<0.0009) and antiviral therapy (0.003). The results also showed that the CT genotype and T allele of the miR‑196a2 rs11614913 C>T were associated with decreased risk to COVID‑19 with OR=0.76, P=0.006 and OR=0.54, P=0.005, respectively. These results need to be validated with future molecular genetic studies in a larger sample size and different populations.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Mir MM, Mir R, Alghamdi MA, Alsayed BA, Elfaki I, Al Bshabshe A, Farooq R, Alhujaily M, Alharthi MH, Alamri MS, Alamri MS, et al: Differential impact of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme‑2 (ACE2 rs4343 G&gt;A) and miR‑196a2 rs11614913 C&gt;T gene alterations in COVID‑19 disease severity and mortality. Exp Ther Med 23: 418, 2022.
APA
Mir, M.M., Mir, R., Alghamdi, M.A., Alsayed, B.A., Elfaki, I., Al Bshabshe, A. ... Al‑Shahrani, A.M. (2022). Differential impact of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme‑2 (ACE2 rs4343 G&gt;A) and miR‑196a2 rs11614913 C&gt;T gene alterations in COVID‑19 disease severity and mortality. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 418. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11345
MLA
Mir, M. M., Mir, R., Alghamdi, M. A., Alsayed, B. A., Elfaki, I., Al Bshabshe, A., Farooq, R., Alhujaily, M., Alharthi, M. H., Alamri, M. S., Al‑Shahrani, A. M."Differential impact of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme‑2 (ACE2 rs4343 G&gt;A) and miR‑196a2 rs11614913 C&gt;T gene alterations in COVID‑19 disease severity and mortality". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.6 (2022): 418.
Chicago
Mir, M. M., Mir, R., Alghamdi, M. A., Alsayed, B. A., Elfaki, I., Al Bshabshe, A., Farooq, R., Alhujaily, M., Alharthi, M. H., Alamri, M. S., Al‑Shahrani, A. M."Differential impact of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme‑2 (ACE2 rs4343 G&gt;A) and miR‑196a2 rs11614913 C&gt;T gene alterations in COVID‑19 disease severity and mortality". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 6 (2022): 418. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11345
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Mir MM, Mir R, Alghamdi MA, Alsayed BA, Elfaki I, Al Bshabshe A, Farooq R, Alhujaily M, Alharthi MH, Alamri MS, Alamri MS, et al: Differential impact of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme‑2 (ACE2 rs4343 G&gt;A) and miR‑196a2 rs11614913 C&gt;T gene alterations in COVID‑19 disease severity and mortality. Exp Ther Med 23: 418, 2022.
APA
Mir, M.M., Mir, R., Alghamdi, M.A., Alsayed, B.A., Elfaki, I., Al Bshabshe, A. ... Al‑Shahrani, A.M. (2022). Differential impact of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme‑2 (ACE2 rs4343 G&gt;A) and miR‑196a2 rs11614913 C&gt;T gene alterations in COVID‑19 disease severity and mortality. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 418. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11345
MLA
Mir, M. M., Mir, R., Alghamdi, M. A., Alsayed, B. A., Elfaki, I., Al Bshabshe, A., Farooq, R., Alhujaily, M., Alharthi, M. H., Alamri, M. S., Al‑Shahrani, A. M."Differential impact of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme‑2 (ACE2 rs4343 G&gt;A) and miR‑196a2 rs11614913 C&gt;T gene alterations in COVID‑19 disease severity and mortality". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.6 (2022): 418.
Chicago
Mir, M. M., Mir, R., Alghamdi, M. A., Alsayed, B. A., Elfaki, I., Al Bshabshe, A., Farooq, R., Alhujaily, M., Alharthi, M. H., Alamri, M. S., Al‑Shahrani, A. M."Differential impact of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme‑2 (ACE2 rs4343 G&gt;A) and miR‑196a2 rs11614913 C&gt;T gene alterations in COVID‑19 disease severity and mortality". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 6 (2022): 418. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11345
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