Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
September-2022 Volume 24 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2022 Volume 24 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

An in vitro study on the effect of bevacizumab on endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF concentration level in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

  • Authors:
    • Haneen Sadick
    • Elena Schäfer
    • Christel Weiss
    • Nicole Rotter
    • Cornelia Emika Müller
    • Richard Birk
    • Maliha Sadick
    • Daniel Häussler
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of The University of Heidelberg, D‑68135 Mannheim, Germany, Department of Medical Statistics, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of The University of Heidelberg, D‑68135 Mannheim, Germany, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps‑Universität Marburg, D‑35043 Marburg, Germany, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of The University of Heidelberg, D‑68135 Mannheim, Germany
    Copyright: © Sadick et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 555
    |
    Published online on: July 5, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11493
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is upregulated in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The use of Bevacizumab as an anti‑angiogenic treatment agent seems promising. The purpose of the present in vitro study was to determine the efficacy and potential toxicity levels of bevacizumab on cell proliferation and VEGF concentrations in endothelial cells of HHT patients. In this in vitro study, endothelial cells from patients with HHT and HUVECs (control) were incubated with different concentration levels of bevacizumab (2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 mg/ml). After 24, 48 or 72 h, the cell proliferation was assessed by Alamar Blue® Assay and the VEGF levels in the cell culture supernatants were measured by VEGF‑ELISA. All endothelial cells incubated with bevacizumab showed an initial decrease in cell proliferation. Cell proliferation recovered within 72 h in cell cultures incubated with concentration levels of up to 4 mg/ml bevacizumab, whereas those incubated with higher concentration levels showed a continuous decline in cell proliferation. VEGF expression decreased after 24 h in cell cultures incubated with bevacizumab concentration levels of 2 and 4 mg/ml but increased again after 48 h. Cell cultures incubated with bevacizumab concentration levels of 10 mg/ml showed a constant decline in VEGF expression without any tendency for recovery. Translating these results into daily clinical practice, the present study suggests that the intranasal submucosal injection of bevacizumab in HHT patients should not exceed a concentration level of 4 mg/ml. Overall, higher bevacizumab concentration levels not only reduce VEGF expression but pose a higher risk of toxic effects on endothelial cells as they jeopardize cell proliferation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Donaldson JW, McKeever TM, Hall IP, Hubbard RB and Fogarty AW: The UK prevalence of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and its association with sex, socioeconomic status and region of residence: A population-based study. Thorax. 69:161–167. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Kjeldsen AD, Vase P and Green A: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: A population-based study of prevalence and mortality in Danish patients. J Intern Med. 245:31–39. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Sautter NB and Smith TL: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-related epistaxis: Innovations in understanding and management. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2:422–431. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Plauchu H, de Chadarévian JP, Bideau A and Robert JM: Age-related clinical profile of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in an epidemiologically recruited population. Am J Med Genet. 32:291–297. 1989.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Ingrand I, Ingrand P, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Defossez G, Jouhet V, Migeot V, Dufour X and Klossek JM: Altered quality of life in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease related to recurrent epistaxis. Rhinology. 49:155–162. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Kritharis A, Al-Samkari H and Kuter DJ: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: diagnosis and management from the hematologist's perspective. Haematologica. 103:1433–1443. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Jakobsson L and van Meeteren LA: Transforming growth factor β family members in regulation of vascular function: in the light of vascular conditional knockouts. Exp Cell Res. 319:1264–1270. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Steineger J, Geirdal AØ, Osnes T, Heimdal KR and Dheyauldeen S: Intranasal bevacizumab injections improve quality of life in HHT patients. Laryngoscope. 130:E284–E288. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Prigoda NL, Savas S, Abdalla SA, Piovesan B, Rushlow D, Vandezande K, Zhang E, Ozcelik H, Gallie BL and Letarte M: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: Mutation detection, test sensitivity and novel mutations. J Med Genet. 43:722–728. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Oh SP, Seki T, Goss KA, Imamura T, Yi Y, Donahoe PK, Li L, Miyazono K, ten Dijke P, Kim S and Li E: Activin receptor-like kinase 1 modulates transforming growth factor-beta 1 signaling in the regulation of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 97:2626–2631. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Sadick H, Hage J, Goessler U, Bran G, Riedel F, Bugert P and Hoermann K: Does the genotype of HHT patients with mutations of the ENG and ACVRL1 gene correlate to different expression levels of the angiogenic factor VEGF? Int J Mol Med. 22:575–580. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Sadick H, Riedel F, Naim R, Goessler U, Hörmann K, Hafner M and Lux A: Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia have increased plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta1 as well as high ALK1 tissue expression. Haematologica. 90:818–828. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Sadick H, Naim R, Sadick M, Hörmann K and Riedel F: Plasma level and tissue expression of angiogenic factors in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Int J Mol Med. 15:591–596. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Han C, Choe SW, Kim YH, Acharya AP, Keselowsky BG, Sorg BS, Lee YJ and Oh SP: VEGF neutralization can prevent and normalize arteriovenous malformations in an animal model for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 2. Angiogenesis. 17:823–830. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Ferrara N, Hillan KJ and Novotny W: Bevacizumab (Avastin), a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody for cancer therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 333:328–335. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Shih T and Lindley C: Bevacizumab: An angiogenesis inhibitor for the treatment of solid malignancies. Clin Ther. 28:1779–1802. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Amarakoon S, Martinez-Ciriano JP, van den Born LI, Baarsma S and Missotten T: Bevacizumab in age-related macular degeneration: A randomized controlled trial on the effect of on-demand therapy every 4 or 8 weeks. Acta Ophthalmol. 97:107–112. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Iyer VN, Apala DR, Pannu BS, Kotecha A, Brinjikji W, Leise MD, Kamath PS, Misra S, Begna KH, Cartin-Ceba R, et al: Intravenous Bevacizumab for refractory hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-related epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding. Mayo Clin Proc. 93:155–166. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Andrejecsk JW, Hosman AE, Botella LM, Shovlin CL, Arthur HM, Dupuis-Girod S, Buscarini E, Hughes CCW, Lebrin F, Mummery CL, et al: Executive summary of the 12th HHT international scientific conference. Angiogenesis. 21:169–181. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Dupuis-Girod S: Anti-VEGF: A new therapeutic option in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Presse Med. 42:385–387. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In French).

21 

Cohen MH, Gootenberg J, Keegan P and Pazdur R: FDA drug approval summary: Bevacizumab (Avastin) plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel as first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic recurrent nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer. Oncologist. 12:713–718. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Chen S IV, Karnezis T and Davidson TM: Safety of intranasal Bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-associated epistaxis. Laryngoscope. 121:644–646. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Stokes P and Rimmer J: Intranasal bevacizumab in the treatment of HHT -related epistaxis: A systematic review. Rhinology. 56:3–10. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Simonds J, Miller F, Mandel J and Davidson TM: The effect of bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment on epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Laryngoscope. 119:988–992. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Dupuis-Girod S, Ambrun A, Decullier E, Fargeton AE, Roux A, Bréant V, Colombet B, Rivière S, Cartier C, Lacombe P, et al: Effect of bevacizumab nasal spray on epistaxis duration in hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 316:934–942. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Steineger J, Osnes T, Heimdal K and Dheyauldeen S: Long-term experience with intranasal bevacizumab therapy. Laryngoscope. 128:2237–2244. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Riss D, Burian M, Wolf A, Kranebitter V, Kaider A and Arnoldner C: Intranasal submucosal bevacizumab for epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Head Neck. 37:783–787. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Rohrmeier C, Sachs HG and Kuehnel TS: . A retrospective analysis of low dose, intranasal injected bevacizumab (Avastin) in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 269:531–536. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Karnezis TT and Davidson TM: Efficacy of intranasal Bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-associated epistaxis. Laryngoscope. 121:636–638. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Karnezis TT and Davidson TM: Treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with submucosal and topical bevacizumab therapy. Laryngoscope. 122:495–497. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Lynch SS and Cheng CM: Bevacizumab for neovascular ocular diseases. Ann Pharmacother. 41:614–625. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Gordon MS, Margolin K, Talpaz M, Sledge GW Jr, Holmgren E, Benjamin R, Stalter S, Shak S and Adelman D: Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of recombinant human anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol. 19:843–850. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Michels S: Is intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) safe? Br J Ophthalmol. 90:1333–1334. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Thompson AB, Ross DA, Berard P, Figueroa-Bodine J, Livada N and Richer SL: Very low dose bevacizumab for the treatment of epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Allergy Rhinol. 5:91–95. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Färkkilä A, Pihlajoki M, Tauriala H, Bützow R, Leminen A, Unkila-Kallio L, Heikinheimo M and Anttonen M: Serum vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) is elevated in patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumor (GCT), and VEGF inhibition by Bevacizumab induces apoptosis in GCT in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96:E1973–E1981. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Ramezani S, Vousooghi N, Kapourchali FR, Hadjighasem M, Hayat P, Amini N and Joghataei MT: Rolipram potentiates bevacizumab-induced cell death in human glioblastoma stem-like cells. Life Sci. 173:11–19. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Guilhem A, Fargeton AE, Simon AC, Duffau P, Harle JR, Lavigne C, Carette MF, Bletry O, Kaminsky P, Leguy V, et al: Intra-venous bevacizumab in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT): A retrospective study of 46 patients. PLoS One. 12(e0188943)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Sadick H, Schäfer E, Weiss C, Rotter N, Müller CE, Birk R, Sadick M and Häussler D: An <em>in vitro</em> study on the effect of bevacizumab on endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF concentration level in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Exp Ther Med 24: 555, 2022.
APA
Sadick, H., Schäfer, E., Weiss, C., Rotter, N., Müller, C.E., Birk, R. ... Häussler, D. (2022). An <em>in vitro</em> study on the effect of bevacizumab on endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF concentration level in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 24, 555. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11493
MLA
Sadick, H., Schäfer, E., Weiss, C., Rotter, N., Müller, C. E., Birk, R., Sadick, M., Häussler, D."An <em>in vitro</em> study on the effect of bevacizumab on endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF concentration level in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 24.3 (2022): 555.
Chicago
Sadick, H., Schäfer, E., Weiss, C., Rotter, N., Müller, C. E., Birk, R., Sadick, M., Häussler, D."An <em>in vitro</em> study on the effect of bevacizumab on endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF concentration level in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 24, no. 3 (2022): 555. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11493
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Sadick H, Schäfer E, Weiss C, Rotter N, Müller CE, Birk R, Sadick M and Häussler D: An <em>in vitro</em> study on the effect of bevacizumab on endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF concentration level in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Exp Ther Med 24: 555, 2022.
APA
Sadick, H., Schäfer, E., Weiss, C., Rotter, N., Müller, C.E., Birk, R. ... Häussler, D. (2022). An <em>in vitro</em> study on the effect of bevacizumab on endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF concentration level in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 24, 555. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11493
MLA
Sadick, H., Schäfer, E., Weiss, C., Rotter, N., Müller, C. E., Birk, R., Sadick, M., Häussler, D."An <em>in vitro</em> study on the effect of bevacizumab on endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF concentration level in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 24.3 (2022): 555.
Chicago
Sadick, H., Schäfer, E., Weiss, C., Rotter, N., Müller, C. E., Birk, R., Sadick, M., Häussler, D."An <em>in vitro</em> study on the effect of bevacizumab on endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF concentration level in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 24, no. 3 (2022): 555. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11493
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team