Radiological and pathological characteristics of synovial hemangioma of the knee

Sonobe,Tatsuru; Hakozaki,Michiyuki; Kaneuchi,Yoichi; Yamada,Hitoshi; Hasegawa,Osamu; Yamada,Shoki; Konno,Shinichi

doi:10.3892/etm.2022.11722

Radiological and pathological characteristics of synovial hemangioma of the knee

Authors:
- Tatsuru Sonobe
- Michiyuki Hakozaki
- Yoichi Kaneuchi
- Hitoshi Yamada
- Osamu Hasegawa
- Shoki Yamada
- Shinichi Konno
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Affiliations: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan, Department of Radiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan
Published online on: November 23, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11722
Article Number: 23
Copyright: © Sonobe et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Synovial hemangioma, a rare benign tumor that occurs most frequently in the knee in children and young adults, has four histological subtypes: Venous, arteriovenous, cavernous and capillary hemangiomas. Since the clinical presentation and radiological findings of synovial hemangioma are non‑specific, there is frequently a long period between the onset and the diagnosis. The cases of nine patients, pathologically diagnosed with synovial hemangioma and surgically treated, were retrospectively analyzed. All nine patients had persistent knee pain. In addition, three patients also had a swollen knee with intra‑articular hemorrhage. Plain radiography revealed intra‑articular phleboliths in two patients. In seven patients, T1‑weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed low signal intensity with small signal voids. On T2‑weighted imaging, all patients showed high signal intensity containing small signal voids. All patients underwent surgical excision; there was no postoperative recurrence after the final operation, and the knee pain had disappeared at the final follow‑up. From the pathological findings, the diagnoses were venous hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma and capillary hemangioma (three patients each).

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