Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
June-2023 Volume 25 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2023 Volume 25 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

COVID-19 association with multidrug-resistant bacteria superinfections: Lessons for future challenges

  • Authors:
    • Monica Susan
    • Razvan Susan
    • Viorica Lazar
    • Iulia-Cristina Bagiu
    • Alin Gabriel Mihu
    • Radu Vasile Bagiu
    • Alin Ionescu
    • Andreea Narcisa Iana
    • Cristina Adriana Dehelean
    • Daniel Lighezan
    • Daniela Teodora Marti
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania, Department of Family Medicine, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania, Department of General Medicine, Vasile Goldis University of Medicine, Arad 310048, Romania, Department of Microbiology, Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania, Bioclinica Medical Analysis Laboratory, Arad 310300, Romania, Department of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine Study Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania, Department of Toxicology, Research Center for Pharmaco‑Toxicological Evaluations, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania, Department of Internal Medicine, Advanced Research Center for Cardiovascular Pathology and Haemostaseology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania, Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis University of Medicine, Arad 310048, Romania
    Copyright: © Susan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 254
    |
    Published online on: April 18, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.11953
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The future waves of COVID 19 infections will continue to raise serious problems in patients with severe forms of the disease. Bacterial infections associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 disease may complicate the progress of hospitalized patients with COVID‑19. The present study aimed to evaluate the etiological spectrum of superinfection in adult patients with COVID‑19 and to investigate the correlation between superinfection with multidrug‑resistant (MDR) bacteria and serum procalcitonin (PCT). A total of 82 COVID‑19 hospitalized patients with COVID‑19 and bacterial superinfection were included. The superinfections were classified into early infections (3‑7 days from admission) and late infections (>7 days from admission). Bacterial superinfection etiological spectrum, MDR bacteria profile and levels of serum PCT were studied. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterococcus spp. MDR bacteria were involved in 73.17% of COVID‑19 patients with bacterial superinfections. Most MDR bacteria superinfections (73.52%) occurred in the late infection period. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp. and Methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus were the most common MDR bacteria identified in late infections after hospitalization in 20.43, 4.30 and 4.30% of all infections, respectively. Serum PCT values were significantly higher in patients with MDR bacteria superinfection compared with patients with sensitive bacteria superinfection (P=0.009). The principal findings of the present study were the high prevalence of superinfection with MDR bacteria among the COVID‑19 patients with bacterial superinfections and the presence of a statistically significant association between serum PCT levels and the presence of superinfection with MDR bacteria. The most effective way to fight against microbial resistance to antibiotics, whether it occurs independently or overlaps with viral infections, is to pursue a national policy for the rational use of antibiotics.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Rawson TM, Moore LS, Castro-Sanchez E, Charani E, Davies F, Satta G, Ellington MJ and Holmes AH: COVID-19 and the potential long-term impact on antimicrobial resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 75:1681–1684. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Huttner BD, Catho G, Pano-Pardo JR, Pulcini C and Schouten J: COVID-19: don't neglect antimicrobial stewardship principles! Clin Microbiol. Infect. 26:808–810. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

McCullers JA: The co-pathogenesis of influenza viruses with bacteria in the lung. Nat Rev Microbiol. 12:252–262. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Mirzaei R, Goodarzi P, Asadi M, Soltani A, Aljanabi HAA, Jeda AS, Dashtbin S, Jalalifar S, Mohammadzadeh R, Teimoori A, et al: Bacterial co-infections with SARS-CoV-2. IUBMB Life. 72:2097–2111. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Zhang G, Hu C, Luo L, Fang F, Chen Y, Li J, Peng Z and Pan H: Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 221 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. J Clin Virol. 127(104364)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Mazzariol A, Benini A, Unali I, Nocini R, Smania M, Bertoncelli A, De Sanctis F, Ugel S, Donadello K, Polati E and Gibellini D: Dynamics of SARS-CoV2 infection and multi-drug resistant bacteria superinfection in patients with assisted mechanical ventilation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 11(683409)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Garcia-Vidal C, Sanjuan G, Moreno-García E, Puerta-Alcalde P, Garcia-Pouton N, Chumbita M, Fernandez-Pittol M, Pitart C, Inciarte A, Bodro M, et al: Incidence of co-infections and superinfections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 27:83–88. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Bengoechea JA and Bamford CG: SARS-CoV-2, bacterial co-infections, and AMR: the deadly trio in COVID-19? EMBO Mol Med. 12(e12560)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Baskaran V, Lawrence H, Lansbury LE, Webb K, Safavi S, Zainuddin NI, Huq T, Eggleston C, Ellis J, Thakker C, et al: Co-infection in critically ill patients with COVID-19: An observational cohort study from England. J Med Microbiol. 70(001350)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Kim JH, Seo JW, Mok JH, Kim MH, Cho WH, Lee K, Kim KU, Jeon D, Park HK, Kim YS, et al: Usefulness of plasma procalcitonin to predict severity in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 74:207–214. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Lippi G and Plebani M: Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta. 505:190–191. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Wolfisberg S, Gregoriano C and Schuetz P: Procalcitonin for individualizing antibiotic treatment: An update with a focus on COVID-19. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 59:54–65. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Metersky ML, Masterton RG, Lode H, File TM Jr and Babinchak T: Epidemiology, microbiology, and treatment considerations for bacterial pneumonia complicating influenza. Int J Infect Dis. 16:e321–e331. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Anton-Vazquez V and Clivillé R: Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 40:1353–1355. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Lansbury L, Lim B, Baskaran V and Lim WS: Co-infections in people with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 81:266–275. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Rawson TM, Moore LS, Zhu N, Ranganathan N, Skolimowska K, Gilchrist M, Satta G, Cooke G and Holmes A: Bacterial and fungal coinfection in individuals with coronavirus: A rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing. Clin Infect Dis. 71:2459–2468. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Bassetti M, Kollef MH and Timsit JF: Bacterial and fungal superinfections in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Intensive Care Med. 46:2071–2074. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

d'Humières C, Patrier J, Lortat-Jacob B, Tran-Dinh A, Chemali L, Maataoui N, Rondinaud E, Ruppé E, Burdet C, Ruckly S, et al: Two original observations concerning bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in intensive care units during the first wave of the epidemic in France. PLoS One. 16(e0250728)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Adalbert JR, Varshney K, Tobin R and Pajaro R: Clinical outcomes in patients co-infected with COVID-19 and Staphylococcus aureus: A scoping review. BMC Infect Dis. 21:1–7. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Falcone M, Tiseo G, Giordano C, Leonildi A, Menichini M, Vecchione A, Pistello M, Guarracino F, Ghiadoni L, Forfori F, et al: Predictors of hospital-acquired bacterial and fungal superinfections in COVID-19: A prospective observational study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 76:1078–1084. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Stegeman I, Ochodo EA, Guleid F, Holtman GA, Yang B, Davenport C, Deeks JJ, Dinnes J, Dittrich S, Emperador D, et al: Routine laboratory testing to determine if a patient has COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 11(CD013787)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Garrido P, Cueto P, Rovira C, Garcia E, Parra A, Enriquez R, Pinos A, Sosa M, Hernández-Aguilera A and Vallverdú I: Clinical value of procalcitonin in critically ill patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. Am J Emerg Med. 46:525–531. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Hariyanto TI, Japar KV, Kwenandar F, Damay V, Siregar JI, Lugito NP, Tjiang MM and Kurniawan A: Inflammatory and hematologic markers as predictors of severe outcomes in COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 41:110–119. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Del Sole F, Farcomeni A, Loffredo L, Carnevale R, Menichelli D, Vicario T, Pignatelli P and Pastori D: Features of severe COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest. 50(e13378)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Müller B and Becker KL: Procalcitonin: How a hormone became a marker and mediator of sepsis. Swiss Med Wkly. 131:595–602. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Huespe I, Prado E, Staneloni I, Contrera N, Denaday L, San Roman E and Sinner J: Kinetics of procalcitonin in infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Medicina (B Aires). 80:599–605. 2020.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Ponti G, Maccaferri M, Ruini C, Tomasi A and Ozben T: Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 57:389–399. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Susan M, Susan R, Lazar V, Bagiu I, Mihu AG, Bagiu RV, Ionescu A, Iana AN, Dehelean CA, Lighezan D, Lighezan D, et al: COVID-19 association with multidrug-resistant bacteria superinfections: Lessons for future challenges. Exp Ther Med 25: 254, 2023.
APA
Susan, M., Susan, R., Lazar, V., Bagiu, I., Mihu, A.G., Bagiu, R.V. ... Marti, D.T. (2023). COVID-19 association with multidrug-resistant bacteria superinfections: Lessons for future challenges. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 25, 254. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.11953
MLA
Susan, M., Susan, R., Lazar, V., Bagiu, I., Mihu, A. G., Bagiu, R. V., Ionescu, A., Iana, A. N., Dehelean, C. A., Lighezan, D., Marti, D. T."COVID-19 association with multidrug-resistant bacteria superinfections: Lessons for future challenges". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 25.6 (2023): 254.
Chicago
Susan, M., Susan, R., Lazar, V., Bagiu, I., Mihu, A. G., Bagiu, R. V., Ionescu, A., Iana, A. N., Dehelean, C. A., Lighezan, D., Marti, D. T."COVID-19 association with multidrug-resistant bacteria superinfections: Lessons for future challenges". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 25, no. 6 (2023): 254. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.11953
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Susan M, Susan R, Lazar V, Bagiu I, Mihu AG, Bagiu RV, Ionescu A, Iana AN, Dehelean CA, Lighezan D, Lighezan D, et al: COVID-19 association with multidrug-resistant bacteria superinfections: Lessons for future challenges. Exp Ther Med 25: 254, 2023.
APA
Susan, M., Susan, R., Lazar, V., Bagiu, I., Mihu, A.G., Bagiu, R.V. ... Marti, D.T. (2023). COVID-19 association with multidrug-resistant bacteria superinfections: Lessons for future challenges. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 25, 254. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.11953
MLA
Susan, M., Susan, R., Lazar, V., Bagiu, I., Mihu, A. G., Bagiu, R. V., Ionescu, A., Iana, A. N., Dehelean, C. A., Lighezan, D., Marti, D. T."COVID-19 association with multidrug-resistant bacteria superinfections: Lessons for future challenges". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 25.6 (2023): 254.
Chicago
Susan, M., Susan, R., Lazar, V., Bagiu, I., Mihu, A. G., Bagiu, R. V., Ionescu, A., Iana, A. N., Dehelean, C. A., Lighezan, D., Marti, D. T."COVID-19 association with multidrug-resistant bacteria superinfections: Lessons for future challenges". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 25, no. 6 (2023): 254. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.11953
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team