Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
October-2023 Volume 26 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2023 Volume 26 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.pdf
Article Open Access

Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation reveals hub genes of rheumatoid arthritis

  • Authors:
    • Kun Luo
    • Yumei Zhong
    • Yanding Guo
    • Jingwei Nie
    • Yimei Xu
    • Haiyan Zhou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China, Department of Painology, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital/Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610095, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Luo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 480
    |
    Published online on: August 25, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12179
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation, especially synovitis, leading to joint damage. It is important to explore potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve the clinical treatment of RA. However, the potential underlying mechanisms of action of available treatments for RA have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study investigated the potential biomarkers of RA and identified specific targets for therapeutic intervention. A comprehensive analysis was performed using mRNA files downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differences in gene expression were analyzed and compared between the normal and RA groups. In addition, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A protein‑protein interaction network, Molecular Complex Detection and cytoHubba network were evaluated to identify hub genes. Finally, using an experimental RA rat model induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), the expression of potential biomarkers or target genes in RA were verified through reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. The results of the mRNA dataset processing revealed 195 DEGs in patients with RA when compared with the healthy controls. Moreover, 10 hub genes were identified in patients with RA and four candidate mRNAs were identified, as follows: Discs large homolog‑associated protein 5 (DLGAP5), kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A), maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) and nuclear division cycle 80 (NDC80). Finally, the bioinformatics analysis results were validated by quantifying the expression of the DLGAP5, KIF20A, MELK and NDC80 genes in the FCA‑induced experimental RA rat model. The findings of the present study suggested that the treatment of RA may be successful through the inhibition of DLGAP5, KIF20A, MELK and NDC80 expression. Therefore, the targeting of these genes may result in more effective treatments for patients with RA.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Giraud EL, Jessurun NT, van Hunsel FPAM, van Puijenbroek EP, van Tubergen A, Ten Klooster PM and Vonkeman HE: Frequency of real-world reported adverse drug reactions in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 19:1617–1624. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Smith MH and Berman JR: What is rheumatoid arthritis? JAMA. 327(1194)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Smolen JS, Aletaha D and McInnes IB: Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 388:2023–2038. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Gravallese EM and Firestein GS: Rheumatoid arthritis-common origins, divergent mechanisms. N Engl J Med. 388:529–542. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Aletaha D and Smolen JS: Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: A review. JAMA. 320:1360–1372. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Woetzel D, Huber R, Kupfer P, Pohlers D, Pfaff M, Driesch D, Häupl T, Koczan D, Stiehl P, Guthke R and Kinne RW: Identification of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients by transcriptome-based rule set generation. Arthritis Res Ther. 16(R84)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Broeren MG, de Vries M, Bennink MB, Arntz OJ, Blom AB, Koenders MI, van Lent PL, van der Kraan PM, van den Berg WB and van de Loo FA: Disease-regulated gene therapy with anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 under the control of the CXCL10 promoter for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Gene Ther. 27:244–254. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Davis S and Meltzer PS: GEOquery: A bridge between the gene expression omnibus (GEO) and BioConductor. Bioinformatics. 23:1846–1847. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Smyth GK: Limma: Linear models for microarray data. In: Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Solutions using R and Bioconductor. Springer, New York, NY, 397-420, 2005.

10 

Yu G, Wang LG, Han Y and He QY: clusterProfiler: An R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS. 16:284–287. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2023. https://www.R-project.org/.

12 

Lu S, Yadav AK and Qiao X: Identification of potential miRNA-mRNA interaction network in bone marrow T cells of acquired aplastic anemia. Hematology. 25:168–175. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Liu S, Chen H, Ma W, Zhong Y, Liang Y, Gu L, Lu X and Li J: Non-coding RNAs and related molecules associated with form-deprivation myopia in mice. J Cell Mol Med. 26:186–194. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Chin CH, Chen SH, Wu HH, Ho CW, Ko MT and Lin CY: cytoHubba: Identifying hub objects and sub-networks from complex interactome. BMC Syst Biol. 8 (Suppl 4)(S11)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Otasek D, Morris JH, Bouças J, Pico AR and Demchak B: Cytoscape automation: Empowering workflow-based network analysis. Genome Biol. 20(185)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Szklarczyk D, Gable AL, Nastou KC, Lyon D, Kirsch R, Pyysalo S, Doncheva NT, Legeay M, Fang T, Bork P, et al: Correction to ‘The STRING database in 2021: Customizable protein-protein networks, and functional characterization of user-uploaded gene/measurement sets.’. Nucleic Acids Res. 49(10800)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Li A, Zhang Z, Ru X, Yi Y, Li X, Qian J, Wang J, Yang X and Yao Y: Identification of SLAMF1 as an immune-related key gene associated with rheumatoid arthritis and verified in mice collagen-induced arthritis model. Front Immunol. 13(961129)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Zhong YM, Zhang LL, Lu WT, Shang YN and Zhou HY: Moxibustion regulates the polarization of macrophages through the IL-4/STAT6 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokine. 152(155835)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Chen Y, Liu K, Qin Y, Chen S, Guan G, Huang Y, Chen Y and Mo Z: Effects of Pereskia aculeate Miller petroleum ether extract on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats and its potential molecular mechanisms. Front Pharmacol. 13(869810)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Pan H, Guo R, Ju Y, Wang Q, Zhu J, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Li T, Liu Z, Lu L, et al: A single bacterium restores the microbiome dysbiosis to protect bones from destruction in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Microbiome. 7(107)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Han C, Yang Y, Sheng Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Li W, Guo L, Zhang C and Ye Q: Glaucocalyxin B inhibits cartilage inflammatory injury in rheumatoid arthritis by regulating M1 polarization of synovial macrophages through NF-κB pathway. Aging (Albany NY). 13:22544–22555. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Kumar H and Bot A: In this issue: Role of immune cells and molecules in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis and cancer immunotherapy. Int Rev Immunol. 37:127–128. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Zhang L, Zhong Y, Lu W, Shang Y, Guo Y, Luo X, Chen Y, Luo K, Hu D, Yu H, et al: Moxibustion of Zusanli (ST36) and Shenshu (BL23) alleviates the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis in rats through regulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor/glucocorticoids signaling. J Tradit Chin Med (In Chinese).

25 

Su H, Su SY, Yang P, Guo YJ and Li J: Progress of research on mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 48:500–507. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In Chinese).

26 

Zhong YM, Wu F, Luo XC, Chen Y, Ren JG, Yang X, Ma WB and Zhou HY: Mechanism on moxibustion for rheumatoid arthritis based on PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 40:976–982. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In Chinese).

27 

Chen Y, Li H, Luo X, Liu H, Zhong Y, Wu X and Liu X: Moxibustion of Zusanli (ST36) and Shenshu (BL23) alleviates cartilage degradation through RANKL/OPG signaling in a rabbit model of rheumatoid arthritis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019(6436420)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Krishna V, Yin X, Song Q, Walsh A, Pocalyko D, Bachman K, Anderson I, Madakamutil L and Nagpal S: Integration of the transcriptome and genome-wide landscape of BRD2 and BRD4 binding motifs identifies key superenhancer genes and reveals the mechanism of bet inhibitor action in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. J Immunol. 206:422–431. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Tang N, Dou X, You X, Shi Q, Ke M and Liu G: Pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of discs large homolog associated protein 5 (DLGAP5) in human tumors. Cancer Cell Int. 21(457)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Li K, Fu X, Wu P, Zhaxi B, Luo H and Li Q: DLG7/DLGAP5 as a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer. Chin Med J. 135:1616–1618. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Zhang H, Liu Y, Tang S, Qin X, Li L, Zhou J, Zhang J and Liu B: Knockdown of DLGAP5 suppresses cell proliferation, induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in ovarian cancer. Exp Ther Med. 22(1245)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Ren X, Chen X, Ji Y, Li L, Li Y, Qin C and Fang K: Upregulation of KIF20A promotes tumor proliferation and invasion in renal clear cell carcinoma and is associated with adverse clinical outcome. Aging (Albany, NY). 12:25878–25894. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Wu C, Qi X, Qiu Z, Deng G and Zhong L: Low expression of KIF20A suppresses cell proliferation, promotes chemosensitivity and is associated with better prognosis in HCC. Aging (Albany, NY). 13:22148–22163. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Zhang X, Wang J, Wang Y, Liu G, Li H, Yu J, Wu R, Liang J, Yu R and Liu X: MELK inhibition effectively suppresses growth of glioblastoma and cancer stem-like cells by blocking AKT and FOXM1 pathways. Front Oncol. 10(608082)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Ye J, Deng W, Zhong Y, Liu H, Guo B, Qin Z, Li P, Zhong X and Wang L: MELK predicts poor prognosis and promotes metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via activating the NF-κB pathway. Int J Oncol. 61(94)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Tang B, Zhu J, Liu F, Ding J, Wang Y, Fang S, Zheng L, Qiu R, Chen M, Shu G, et al: xCT contributes to colorectal cancer tumorigenesis through upregulation of the MELK oncogene and activation of the AKT/mTOR cascade. Cell Death Dis. 13(373)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Xu Q, Ge Q, Zhou Y, Yang B, Yang Q, Jiang S, Jiang R, Ai Z, Zhang Z and Teng Y: MELK promotes endometrial carcinoma progression via activating mTOR signaling pathway. EBioMedicine. 51(102609)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Chen X, He Q, Zeng S and Xu Z: Upregulation of nuclear division cycle 80 contributes to therapeutic resistance via the promotion of autophagy-related protein-7-dependent autophagy in lung cancer. Front Pharmacol. 13(985601)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Chen J and Ünal E: Meiotic regulation of the Ndc80 complex composition and function. Curr Genet. 67:511–518. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Huang J, Zheng M, Li Y, Xu D and Tian D: DLGAP5 promotes gallbladder cancer migration and tumor-associated macrophage M2 polarization by activating cAMP. Cancer Immunol Immunother: Jul 8, 2023 (Epub ahead of print).

41 

Zhang Z, Sun C, Li C, Jiao X, Griffin BB, Dongol S, Wu H, Zhang C, Cao W, Dong R, et al: Upregulated MELK leads to doxorubicin chemoresistance and M2 macrophage polarization via the miR-34a/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in uterine leiomyosarcoma. Front Oncol. 10(453)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Chung SJ, Yoon HJ, Youn H, Kim MJ, Lee YS, Jeong JM, Chung JK, Kang KW, Xie L, Zhang MR and Cheon GJ: 18F-FEDAC as a targeting agent for activated macrophages in DBA/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis: Comparison with 18F-FDG. J Nucl Med. 59:839–845. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Park SY, Lee SW, Lee SY, Hong KW, Bae SS, Kim K and Kim CD: SIRT1/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α signaling enhances macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol. 8(1135)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Cutolo M, Campitiello R, Gotelli E and Soldano S: The role of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis synovitis. Front Immunol. 13(867260)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Luo K, Zhong Y, Guo Y, Nie J, Xu Y and Zhou H: Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation reveals hub genes of rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Ther Med 26: 480, 2023.
APA
Luo, K., Zhong, Y., Guo, Y., Nie, J., Xu, Y., & Zhou, H. (2023). Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation reveals hub genes of rheumatoid arthritis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 26, 480. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12179
MLA
Luo, K., Zhong, Y., Guo, Y., Nie, J., Xu, Y., Zhou, H."Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation reveals hub genes of rheumatoid arthritis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26.4 (2023): 480.
Chicago
Luo, K., Zhong, Y., Guo, Y., Nie, J., Xu, Y., Zhou, H."Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation reveals hub genes of rheumatoid arthritis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26, no. 4 (2023): 480. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12179
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Luo K, Zhong Y, Guo Y, Nie J, Xu Y and Zhou H: Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation reveals hub genes of rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Ther Med 26: 480, 2023.
APA
Luo, K., Zhong, Y., Guo, Y., Nie, J., Xu, Y., & Zhou, H. (2023). Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation reveals hub genes of rheumatoid arthritis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 26, 480. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12179
MLA
Luo, K., Zhong, Y., Guo, Y., Nie, J., Xu, Y., Zhou, H."Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation reveals hub genes of rheumatoid arthritis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26.4 (2023): 480.
Chicago
Luo, K., Zhong, Y., Guo, Y., Nie, J., Xu, Y., Zhou, H."Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation reveals hub genes of rheumatoid arthritis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26, no. 4 (2023): 480. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12179
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team