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Clinical treatment for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Bo Zhang
    • Qigui Xiao
    • Qingyong Ma
    • Liang Han
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 495
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    Published online on: September 6, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12194
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Abstract

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a severe disease with a high prevalence and a 3‑15% mortality worldwide, and premature activation of zymogen for any reason is the initial factor for the onset of SAP. Gallstone disease and heavy alcohol consumption are the two most common etiologies of SAP. Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS) is a life‑threatening illness, and there are no effective treatments. The relapse state of PICS mainly leads to high mortality due to septic shock or severe trauma, both of which are dangerous and challenging conditions for clinicians. Thus, it is important for medical staff to identify patients at high risk of PICS and to master the prevention and treatment of PICS in patients with SAP. The present review aims to increase the understanding of the pathogenesis of PICS, produce evidence for PICS diagnosis and highlight clinical treatment for PICS in patients with SAP. With this information, clinical workers could implement standardized and integrated measures at an early stage of SAP to stop its progression to PICS.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang B, Xiao Q, Ma Q and Han L: Clinical treatment for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (Review). Exp Ther Med 26: 495, 2023.
APA
Zhang, B., Xiao, Q., Ma, Q., & Han, L. (2023). Clinical treatment for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 26, 495. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12194
MLA
Zhang, B., Xiao, Q., Ma, Q., Han, L."Clinical treatment for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26.4 (2023): 495.
Chicago
Zhang, B., Xiao, Q., Ma, Q., Han, L."Clinical treatment for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26, no. 4 (2023): 495. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12194
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang B, Xiao Q, Ma Q and Han L: Clinical treatment for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (Review). Exp Ther Med 26: 495, 2023.
APA
Zhang, B., Xiao, Q., Ma, Q., & Han, L. (2023). Clinical treatment for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 26, 495. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12194
MLA
Zhang, B., Xiao, Q., Ma, Q., Han, L."Clinical treatment for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26.4 (2023): 495.
Chicago
Zhang, B., Xiao, Q., Ma, Q., Han, L."Clinical treatment for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26, no. 4 (2023): 495. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12194
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