Open Access

Effect of prior anticoagulation therapy on outcomes of traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

  • Authors:
    • Linghong Pan
    • Jiayao Hu
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 22, 2024     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12448
  • Article Number: 160
  • Copyright: © Pan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Anticoagulants are commonly prescribed for multiple conditions. However, their influence on traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes, especially mortality, is not clear. The present study aimed to explore the effect of prior anticoagulation treatment on the outcomes of TBI. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and CINAHL databases were systematically searched for studies on individuals diagnosed with TBI, with a subgroup on prior anticoagulation therapy. Outcomes of interest included overall mortality, in‑hospital mortality, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, need for neurosurgical intervention and discharge rate. Cohort and case‑control studies, published up to September 2023, were examined. Analysis was performed using STATA version 14.2 software and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used for bias assessment. A total of 22 studies (102,036 participants) were included in the analysis. Patients with TBI with prior anticoagulation treatment showed a statistically higher overall mortality risk [odds ratio (OR): 1.967, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.481‑2.613]. Subgroup analyses revealed age‑specific and TBI severity‑specific variations. Prior anticoagulation treatment was associated with a 1.860‑times higher rate of in‑hospital mortality and a significantly increased likelihood of requiring neurosurgical intervention (OR: 1.351, 95%CI: 1.068‑1.708). However, no significant difference was noted in lengths of hospital or ICU stays. Patients with TBI and prior anticoagulation therapy are at higher risk of overall and in‑hospital mortality and have significantly higher likelihood of needing neurosurgical interventions. The results emphasized the need for tailored therapeutic approach and more comprehensive clinical guidelines. Future investigations on specific anticoagulant types and immediate post‑TBI interventions could offer further insights.
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April-2024
Volume 27 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

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Spandidos Publications style
Pan L and Pan L: Effect of prior anticoagulation therapy on outcomes of traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 27: 160, 2024
APA
Pan, L., & Pan, L. (2024). Effect of prior anticoagulation therapy on outcomes of traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 27, 160. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12448
MLA
Pan, L., Hu, J."Effect of prior anticoagulation therapy on outcomes of traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 27.4 (2024): 160.
Chicago
Pan, L., Hu, J."Effect of prior anticoagulation therapy on outcomes of traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 27, no. 4 (2024): 160. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12448