Open Access

Nasal allergen and methacholine provocation tests influence co‑expression patterns of TGF‑β/SMAD and MAPK signaling pathway genes in patients with asthma

  • Authors:
    • Jacek Plichta
    • Alicja Majos
    • Piotr Kuna
    • Michał Panek
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: October 1, 2024     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12735
  • Article Number: 445
  • Copyright: © Plichta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Asthma is characterized by chronic bronchial inflammation and is a highly heterogeneous disease strongly influenced by both specific and non‑specific exogenous factors. The present study was performed to assess the effect of nasal allergen provocation tests and methacholine provocation tests on the mRNA co‑expression patterns of genes (SMAD1/3/6/7, MPK1/3 and TGFB1/3) involved in SMAD and non‑SMAD TGF‑β signaling pathways in patients with asthma. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was performed on blood samples taken pre‑provocation and 1 h post‑provocation to assess gene expression changes. Of the 59 patients studied, allergen provocations were administered to 27 patients and methacholine provocations to 32 patients. Correlations between expression levels of studied genes were found to be influenced markedly by the challenge administered, challenge test result and time elapsed since challenge. Importantly, increases in expression levels for four gene pairs (MAPK1‑SMAD3, MAPK3‑SMAD3, SMAD1‑SMAD3 and SMAD3‑TGFB1) were found to correlate significantly with asthma occurrence in the allergen provocation cohort, but not in the methacholine provocation cohort. The present study allows us to draw the conclusion that both intranasal allergen and bronchial methacholine challenges influence mRNA co‑expression patterns of the SMAD1/3/6/7, MPK1/3 and TGFB1/3 genes.

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December-2024
Volume 28 Issue 6

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Spandidos Publications style
Plichta J, Majos A, Kuna P and Panek M: Nasal allergen and methacholine provocation tests influence co‑expression patterns of TGF‑β/SMAD and MAPK signaling pathway genes in patients with asthma. Exp Ther Med 28: 445, 2024.
APA
Plichta, J., Majos, A., Kuna, P., & Panek, M. (2024). Nasal allergen and methacholine provocation tests influence co‑expression patterns of TGF‑β/SMAD and MAPK signaling pathway genes in patients with asthma. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 28, 445. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12735
MLA
Plichta, J., Majos, A., Kuna, P., Panek, M."Nasal allergen and methacholine provocation tests influence co‑expression patterns of TGF‑β/SMAD and MAPK signaling pathway genes in patients with asthma". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 28.6 (2024): 445.
Chicago
Plichta, J., Majos, A., Kuna, P., Panek, M."Nasal allergen and methacholine provocation tests influence co‑expression patterns of TGF‑β/SMAD and MAPK signaling pathway genes in patients with asthma". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 28, no. 6 (2024): 445. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12735