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An approach to COVID‑19 and oncology: From impact, staging and management to vaccine outcomes in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

  • Authors:
    • Ruqayyah Ali Ahmed
    • Ahad Abdullah Aldalbahi
    • Nora Ibrahim Alhumaidan
    • Turki Abdullah Alotaibi
    • Meshari Ayed Alharbi
    • Mohammed A. Alharbi
    • Mujib Mesfer Mujib Alzahrani
    • Abdullah Abdulrahman Althobaiti
    • Lama Alzelfawi
    • Nabil A. Almouaalamy
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College for Science and Technology, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al‑Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia, College of Medicine, Princess Noura University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia, College of Medicine, Al‑Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia, Oncology Department, Princess Noorah Oncology Center, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard‑Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Makkah‑Jeddah Highway Road, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
    Copyright: © Ahmed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 37
    |
    Published online on: December 23, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12787
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Abstract

The COVID‑19 pandemic has had a global impact, with >771 million confirmed cases and 6 million deaths reported by October 2023. Cancer patients, due to their immunosuppressed status, face an increased infection risk and higher COVID‑19 complications. The present study aimed to assess clinical outcomes in COVID‑19‑infected cancer patients, focusing on mortality rates and other aspects, providing valuable insight for better protection and outcomes. This systematic review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases from August 2023 following the PRISMA guidelines. Studies from 2020 to 2023 pertaining to the impact of COVID‑19 on patients previously diagnosed with malignancies were considered. Inclusion criteria entailed a pre‑existing malignancy diagnosis, confirmed COVID‑19 infection and an impact of COVID‑19 on any aspect of the patient's cancer management. Studies written in English were exclusively reviewed. Post‑COVID‑19 malignancy diagnoses, case reports, review articles and data‑insufficient studies were excluded. Screening and consensus on eligibility were carried out by a team of four authors, with disputes resolved by a non‑screening author. Data extraction was performed by a five‑author team, detailing study and population characteristics, as well as cancer patient outcomes related to COVID‑19. Cross‑checking was conducted by the same team, with conflicts resolved by a third author. The review of 27 studies explored COVID‑19's impact on oncology, revealing diverse sample sizes (1,807,559 to 177 participants). Studies spanned various cancer types, including gastric adenocarcinoma, breast, lung, gynecologic, colorectal and non‑melanoma skin cancer. Mortality rates were higher among cancer patients with COVID‑19 compared to those without. Gastric adenocarcinoma exhibited a 5.9% mortality rate. Thoracic cancer patients faced elevated mortality and gastrectomies decreased. A meta‑analysis (10 studies, 5,151 patients) showed a 19.1% mortality rate for COVID‑19‑infected cancer patients, contrasting with 1% for non‑COVID‑19 cancer patients (5 studies, 54,528 patients). The odds ratio for mortality in non‑COVID‑19 vs. COVID‑19 cancer patients was 0.1036 (3 studies, 3,496 patients). Cancer patients consistently faced elevated mortality during the pandemic, with specific cancers showing unique impacts. Gastric adenocarcinoma exhibited a significant COVID‑19 mortality rate. Patients with thoracic cancer faced increased risks, influencing surgical trends. Meta‑analysis revealed an overall elevated mortality rate among COVID‑19‑infected cancer patients compared to non‑COVID‑19 counterparts.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ahmed RA, Aldalbahi AA, Alhumaidan NI, Alotaibi TA, Alharbi MA, Alharbi MA, Alzahrani MM, Althobaiti AA, Alzelfawi L, Almouaalamy NA, Almouaalamy NA, et al: An approach to COVID‑19 and oncology: From impact, staging and management to vaccine outcomes in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 29: 37, 2025.
APA
Ahmed, R.A., Aldalbahi, A.A., Alhumaidan, N.I., Alotaibi, T.A., Alharbi, M.A., Alharbi, M.A. ... Almouaalamy, N.A. (2025). An approach to COVID‑19 and oncology: From impact, staging and management to vaccine outcomes in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 29, 37. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12787
MLA
Ahmed, R. A., Aldalbahi, A. A., Alhumaidan, N. I., Alotaibi, T. A., Alharbi, M. A., Alharbi, M. A., Alzahrani, M. M., Althobaiti, A. A., Alzelfawi, L., Almouaalamy, N. A."An approach to COVID‑19 and oncology: From impact, staging and management to vaccine outcomes in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29.2 (2025): 37.
Chicago
Ahmed, R. A., Aldalbahi, A. A., Alhumaidan, N. I., Alotaibi, T. A., Alharbi, M. A., Alharbi, M. A., Alzahrani, M. M., Althobaiti, A. A., Alzelfawi, L., Almouaalamy, N. A."An approach to COVID‑19 and oncology: From impact, staging and management to vaccine outcomes in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29, no. 2 (2025): 37. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12787
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ahmed RA, Aldalbahi AA, Alhumaidan NI, Alotaibi TA, Alharbi MA, Alharbi MA, Alzahrani MM, Althobaiti AA, Alzelfawi L, Almouaalamy NA, Almouaalamy NA, et al: An approach to COVID‑19 and oncology: From impact, staging and management to vaccine outcomes in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 29: 37, 2025.
APA
Ahmed, R.A., Aldalbahi, A.A., Alhumaidan, N.I., Alotaibi, T.A., Alharbi, M.A., Alharbi, M.A. ... Almouaalamy, N.A. (2025). An approach to COVID‑19 and oncology: From impact, staging and management to vaccine outcomes in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 29, 37. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12787
MLA
Ahmed, R. A., Aldalbahi, A. A., Alhumaidan, N. I., Alotaibi, T. A., Alharbi, M. A., Alharbi, M. A., Alzahrani, M. M., Althobaiti, A. A., Alzelfawi, L., Almouaalamy, N. A."An approach to COVID‑19 and oncology: From impact, staging and management to vaccine outcomes in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29.2 (2025): 37.
Chicago
Ahmed, R. A., Aldalbahi, A. A., Alhumaidan, N. I., Alotaibi, T. A., Alharbi, M. A., Alharbi, M. A., Alzahrani, M. M., Althobaiti, A. A., Alzelfawi, L., Almouaalamy, N. A."An approach to COVID‑19 and oncology: From impact, staging and management to vaccine outcomes in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29, no. 2 (2025): 37. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12787
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