Open Access

Milk‑derived exosomes exert anti‑inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide‑induced RAW264.7 cells by modulating the TLR4/NF‑κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways

  • Authors:
    • Xinyi Cheng
    • Qingying Sun
    • Rui Zheng
    • Yanhao Sun
    • Ziyuan Liang
    • Nian Li
    • Chao Deng
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: May 29, 2025     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12899
  • Article Number: 149
  • Copyright: © Cheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

Inflammation is a protective response that occurs when the body is injured and is a primary pathological process that occurs in certain diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarthritis and acute lung injury. Milk‑derived exosomes (M‑Exos) contain various physiologically active substances related to immunity. These substances can act on cells to lessen the damage attributed to inflammation. The present study aimed to extract M‑Exos and explore the protective mechanism of M‑Exos on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line. Ultra‑high speed cryo‑centrifugation was used to extract M‑Exos. Transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting were used to identify the M‑Exos. Western blotting, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and ELISA were used to analyze cellular inflammatory factors, oxidative stress factors and relevant inflammatory signaling pathways. These results indicated that treatment with M‑Exos led to a notable recovery in cell viability and an improvement in the intracellular glutathione reduction induced by LPS. Reduced secretion of pro‑inflammatory factors nitric oxide, IL‑6 and TNF‑α were also observed, as well as decreased expression levels of the oxidative stress factors nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‑2. Furthermore, M‑Exos could impact inflammation by regulating the toll‑like receptor 4/NF‑κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and reducing apoptosis. Therefore, M‑Exos may serve as a nutritional component of anti‑inflammatory food, which could influence the occurrence and development of inflammation.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

August-2025
Volume 30 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Cheng X, Sun Q, Zheng R, Sun Y, Liang Z, Li N and Deng C: Milk‑derived exosomes exert anti‑inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide‑induced RAW264.7 cells by modulating the TLR4/NF‑κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 30: 149, 2025.
APA
Cheng, X., Sun, Q., Zheng, R., Sun, Y., Liang, Z., Li, N., & Deng, C. (2025). Milk‑derived exosomes exert anti‑inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide‑induced RAW264.7 cells by modulating the TLR4/NF‑κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 149. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12899
MLA
Cheng, X., Sun, Q., Zheng, R., Sun, Y., Liang, Z., Li, N., Deng, C."Milk‑derived exosomes exert anti‑inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide‑induced RAW264.7 cells by modulating the TLR4/NF‑κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.2 (2025): 149.
Chicago
Cheng, X., Sun, Q., Zheng, R., Sun, Y., Liang, Z., Li, N., Deng, C."Milk‑derived exosomes exert anti‑inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide‑induced RAW264.7 cells by modulating the TLR4/NF‑κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 2 (2025): 149. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12899