Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
August-2025 Volume 30 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2025 Volume 30 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.pdf
Article Open Access

Novel compound heterozygous CNGA3 mutation associated with retinal cone dystrophy

  • Authors:
    • Rui Sun
    • Yao Wang
    • Wentao Zhou
    • Shujian Chen
    • Yafei Li
    • Meng Pan
    • Dandan Ji
    • Jin Li
    • Xuefeng Shi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China, Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co‑sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 155
    |
    Published online on: June 10, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12905
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Retinal cone dystrophy (COD) is an inherited retinal disease characterized by reduced central vision, color vision defects and photophobia, resulting from the degeneration of photoreceptors in cone cells, and commonly occurs due to mutations in cyclic nucleotide‑gated channel subunit α 3 (CNGA3). CNGA3 mutations are associated exclusively with autosomal recessive retinal disorders, requiring homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations for pathogenicity. In the present study, whole‑exome sequencing was performed on a 9‑year‑old girl diagnosed with COD and her parents, which identified a compound heterozygous CNGA3 mutation in the proband. The previously reported c.C1001T:p.S334F variant was inherited from her mother and a novel frameshift mutation, c.566_567insT:p.R189fs, was inherited from her father. Further analysis identified that the p.S334F mutation affects a conserved residue in the ion‑transport (ion‑trans) structural domain, while the frameshift mutation p.R189fs introduces a premature stop codon at position 194, resulting in a truncated protein that retains only the ion‑trans structural domain and lacks the cysteine‑rich CAP domain‑extended domain and cyclic nucleotide‑gated ligand‑binding zinc finger‑like domain. Through ectopic expression in 293T cells and western blotting, p.S334F mutated CNGA3 was observed to increase CNGA3 protein levels, while the p.R189fs mutation produced a truncated protein. These findings suggest that both mutations compromise normal CNGA3 channel function and are likely to contribute to the disease pathogenesis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Tsang SH and Sharma T: Progressive cone dystrophy and cone-rod dystrophy (XL, AD, and AR). Adv Exp Med Biol. 1085:53–60. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Gill JS, Georgiou M, Kalitzeos A, Moore AT and Michaelides M: Progressive cone and cone-rod dystrophies: Clinical features, molecular genetics and prospects for therapy. Br J Ophthalmol. 103:711–720. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (Epub ahead of print).

3 

Zheng X, Hu Z, Li H and Yang J: Structure of the human cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channel. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 29:40–46. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Sun W and Zhang Q: Diseases associated with mutations in CNGA3: Genotype-phenotype correlation and diagnostic guideline. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 161:1–27. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Shaikh RS, Reuter P, Sisk RA, Kausar T, Shahzad M, Maqsood MI, Yousif A, Ali M, Riazuddin S, Wissinger B and Ahmed ZM: Homozygous missense variant in the human CNGA3 channel causes cone-rod dystrophy. Eur J Hum Genet. 23:473–480. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Li H, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N, Marth G, Abecasis G and Durbin R: 1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup. The sequence alignment/map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics. 25:2078–2079. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Wang K, Li M and Hakonarson H: ANNOVAR: Functional annotation of genetic variants from high-throughput sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res. 38(e164)2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

1000 Genomes Project Consortium. Auton A, Brooks LD, Durbin RM, Garrison EP, Kang HM, Korbel JO, Marchini JL, McCarthy S, McVean GA and Abecasis GR: A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature. 526:68–74. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Karczewski KJ, Francioli LC, Tiao G, Cummings BB, Alföldi J, Wang Q, Collins RL, Laricchia KM, Ganna A, Birnbaum DP, et al: The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans. Nature. 581:434–443. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Sim NL, Kumar P, Hu J, Henikoff S, Schneider G and Ng PC: SIFT web server: Predicting effects of amino acid substitutions on proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 40 (Web Server Issue):W452–W457. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Adzhubei IA, Schmidt S, Peshkin L, Ramensky VE, Gerasimova A, Bork P, Kondrashov AS and Sunyaev SR: A method and server for predicting damaging missense mutations. Nat Methods. 7:248–249. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Steinhaus R, Proft S, Schuelke M, Cooper DN, Schwarz JM and Seelow D: MutationTaster2021. Nucleic Acids Re. 49 (W1):W446–W451. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Rentzsch P, Witten D, Cooper GM, Shendure J and Kircher M: CADD: Predicting the deleteriousness of variants throughout the human genome. Nucleic Acids Res. 47 (D1):D886–D894. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Ratnapriya R, Sosina OA, Starostik MR, Kwicklis M, Kapphahn RJ, Fritsche LG, Walton A, Arvanitis M, Gieser L, Pietraszkiewicz A, et al: Retinal transcriptome and eQTL analyses identify genes associated with age-related macular degeneration. Nat Genet. 51:606–610. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Yao Y, Fu J, Li L, Chen W, Meng Z, Su H and Dai W: Retinal and circumpapillary nerve fiber layer thickness and associated factors in children. Eye (Lond). 35:2802–2811. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Hansen MC, Haferlach T and Nyvold CG: A decade with whole exome sequencing in haematology. Br J Haematol. 188:367–382. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Kaupp UB and Seifert R: Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. Physiol Rev. 82:769–824. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Hornbeck PV, Zhang B, Murray B, Kornhauser JM, Latham V and Skrzypek E: PhosphoSitePlus, 2014: Mutations, PTMs and recalibrations. Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Database Issue):D512–D520. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Hardman G, Perkins S, Brownridge PJ, Clarke CJ, Byrne DP, Campbell AE, Kalyuzhnyy A, Myall A, Eyers PA, Jones AR and Eyers CE: Strong anion exchange-mediated phosphoproteomics reveals extensive human non-canonical phosphorylation. EMBO J. 38(e100847)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Zhang Y, He X, Zou J, Yang J, Ma A and Tan M: Phosphorylation mutation impairs the promoting effect of spastin on neurite outgrowth without affecting its microtubule severing ability. Eur J Histochem. 67(3594)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Kaushik S and Cuervo AM: AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of lipid droplet protein PLIN2 triggers its degradation by CMA. Autophagy. 12:432–438. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Michaelides M, Hunt DM and Moore AT: The cone dysfunction syndromes. Br J Ophthalmol. 88:291–297. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Michaelides M, Hardcastle AJ, Hunt DM and Moore AT: Progressive cone and cone-rod dystrophies: Phenotypes and underlying molecular genetic basis. Surv Ophthalmol. 51:232–258. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Michaelides M, Aligianis IA, Ainsworth JR, Good P, Mollon JD, Maher ER, Moore AT and Hunt DM: Progressive cone dystrophy associated with mutation in CNGB3. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 45:1975–1982. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Wycisk KA, Zeitz C, Feil S, Wittmer M, Forster U, Neidhardt J, Wissinger B, Zrenner E, Wilke R, Kohl S and Berger W: Mutation in the auxiliary calcium-channel subunit CACNA2D4 causes autosomal recessive cone dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet. 79:973–977. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Fujinami K, Zernant J, Chana RK, Wright GA, Tsunoda K, Ozawa Y, Tsubota K, Robson AG, Holder GE, Allikmets R, et al: Clinical and molecular characteristics of childhood-onset Stargardt disease. Ophthalmology. 122:326–334. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Xu K, Xie Y, Sun T, Zhang X, Chen C and Li Y: Genetic and clinical findings in a Chinese cohort with Leber congenital amaurosis and early onset severe retinal dystrophy. Br J Ophthalmol. 104:932–937. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Wissinger B, Gamer D, Jägle H, Giorda R, Marx T, Mayer S, Tippmann S, Broghammer M, Jurklies B, Rosenberg T, et al: CNGA3 mutations in hereditary cone photoreceptor disorders. Am J Hum Genet. 69:722–737. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Huang L, Xiao X, Li S, Jia X, Wang P, Sun W, Xu Y, Xin W, Guo X and Zhang Q: Molecular genetics of cone-rod dystrophy in Chinese patients: New data from 61 probands and mutation overview of 163 probands. Exp Eye Res. 146:252–258. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Kuniyoshi K, Muraki-Oda S, Ueyama H, Toyoda F, Sakuramoto H, Ogita H, Irifune M, Yamamoto S, Nakao A, Tsunoda K, et al: Novel mutations in the gene for α-subunit of retinal cone cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in a Japanese patient with congenital achromatopsia. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 60:187–197. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Thiadens AAHJ, Roosing S, Collin RWJ, van Moll-Ramirez N, van Lith-Verhoeven JJC, van Schooneveld MJ, den Hollander AI, van den Born LI, Hoyng CB, Cremers FPM and Klaver CCW: Comprehensive analysis of the achromatopsia genes CNGA3 and CNGB3 in progressive cone dystrophy. Ophthalmology. 117:825–830.e1. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Li S, Huang L, Xiao X, Jia X, Guo X and Zhang Q: Identification of CNGA3 mutations in 46 families: Common cause of achromatopsia and cone-rod dystrophies in Chinese patients. JAMA Ophthalmol. 132:1076–1083. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Saqib MA, Nikopoulos K, Ullah E, Sher Khan F, Iqbal J, Bibi R, Jarral A, Sajid S, Nishiguchi KM, Venturini G, et al: Homozygosity mapping reveals novel and known mutations in Pakistani families with inherited retinal dystrophies. Sci Rep. 5(9965)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Liu C and Varnum MD: Functional consequences of progressive cone dystrophy-associated mutations in the human cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channel CNGA3 subunit. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 289:C187–C198. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Muraki-Oda S, Toyoda F, Okada A, Tanabe S, Yamade S, Ueyama H, Matsuura H and Ohji M: Functional analysis of rod monochromacy-associated missense mutations in the CNGA3 subunit of the cone photoreceptor cGMP-gated channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 362:88–93. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Zelinger L, Cideciyan AV, Kohl S, Schwartz SB, Rosenmann A, Eli D, Sumaroka A, Roman AJ, Luo X, Brown C, et al: Genetics and disease expression in the CNGA3 form of achromatopsia: Steps on the path to gene therapy. Ophthalmology. 122:997–1007. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Kohl S, Marx T, Giddings I, Jägle H, Jacobson SG, Apfelstedt-Sylla E, Zrenner E, Sharpe LT and Wissinger B: Total colourblindness is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the cone photoreceptor cGMP-gated cation channel. Nat Genet. 19:257–259. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Nishiguchi KM, Sandberg MA, Gorji N, Berson EL and Dryja TP: Cone cGMP-gated channel mutations and clinical findings in patients with achromatopsia, macular degeneration, and other hereditary cone diseases. Hum Mutat. 25:248–258. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Koeppen K, Reuter P, Ladewig T, Kohl S, Baumann B, Jacobson SG, Plomp AS, Hamel CP, Janecke AR and Wissinger B: Dissecting the pathogenic mechanisms of mutations in the pore region of the human cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channel. Hum Mutat. 31:830–839. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Azam M, Collin RW, Shah ST, Shah AA, Khan MI, Hussain A, Sadeque A, Strom TM, Thiadens AA, Roosing S, et al: Novel CNGA3 and CNGB3 mutations in two Pakistani families with achromatopsia. Mol Vis. 16:774–781. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Thapa A, Morris L, Xu J, Ma H, Michalakis S, Biel M and Ding XQ: Endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated cone photoreceptor degeneration in cyclic nucleotide-gated channel deficiency. J Biol Chem. 287:18018–18029. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Paquet-Durand F, Beck S, Michalakis S, Goldmann T, Huber G, Mühlfriedel R, Trifunović D, Fischer MD, Fahl E, Duetsch G, et al: A key role for cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) channels in cGMP-related retinitis pigmentosa. Hum Mol Genet. 20:941–947. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Xu J, Morris L, Thapa A, Ma H, Michalakis S, Biel M, Baehr W, Peshenko IV, Dizhoor AM and Ding XQ: cGMP accumulation causes photoreceptor degeneration in CNG channel deficiency: Evidence of cGMP cytotoxicity independently of enhanced CNG channel function. J Neurosci. 33:14939–14948. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Yau KW: Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels: An expanding new family of ion channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91:3481–3483. 1994.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Nakamura T and Gold GH: A cyclic nucleotide-gated conductance in olfactory receptor cilia. Nature. 325:442–444. 1987.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Tanaka JC, Eccleston JF and Furman RE: Photoreceptor channel activation by nucleotide derivatives. Biochemistry. 28:2776–2784. 1989.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Sundin OH, Yang JM, Li Y, Zhu D, Hurd JN, Mitchell TN, Silva ED and Maumenee IH: Genetic basis of total colourblindness among the Pingelapese islanders. Nat Genet. 25:289–293. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Georgiou M, Fujinami K and Michaelides M: Retinal imaging in inherited retinal diseases. Ann Eye Sci. 5(25)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Lima LH, Sallum JMF and Spaide RF: Outer retina analysis by optical coherence tomography in cone-rod dystrophy patients. Retina. 33:1877–1880. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Cho SC, Woo SJ, Park KH and Hwang JM: Morphologic characteristics of the outer retina in cone dystrophy on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Korean J Ophthalmol. 27:19–27. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Inui E, Oishi A, Oishi M, Ogino K, Makiyama Y, Gotoh N, Kurimoto M and Yoshimura N: Tomographic comparison of cone-rod and rod-cone retinal dystrophies. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 252:1065–1069. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Hamel CP: Cone rod dystrophies. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2(7)2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Sahel JA, Marazova K and Audo I: Clinical characteristics and current therapies for inherited retinal degenerations. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 5(a017111)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Prado DA, Acosta-Acero M and Maldonado RS: Gene therapy beyond luxturna: A new horizon of the treatment for inherited retinal disease. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 31:147–154. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Maeder ML, Stefanidakis M, Wilson CJ, Baral R, Barrera LA, Bounoutas GS, Bumcrot D, Chao H, Ciulla DM, DaSilva JA, et al: Development of a gene-editing approach to restore vision loss in Leber congenital amaurosis type 10. Nat Med. 25:229–233. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Farrar GJ, Millington-Ward S, Chadderton N, Humphries P and Kenna PF: Gene-based therapies for dominantly inherited retinopathies. Gene Ther. 19:137–144. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Han Z, Conley SM, Makkia RS, Cooper MJ and Naash MI: DNA nanoparticle-mediated ABCA4 delivery rescues Stargardt dystrophy in mice. J Clin Invest. 122:3221–3226. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Sarra GM, Stephens C, de Alwis M, Bainbridge JW, Smith AJ, Thrasher AJ and Ali RR: Gene replacement therapy in the retinal degeneration slow (rds) mouse: The effect on retinal degeneration following partial transduction of the retina. Hum Mol Genet. 10:2353–2361. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

59 

Russell S, Bennett J, Wellman JA, Chung DC, Yu ZF, Tillman A, Wittes J, Pappas J, Elci O, McCague S, et al: Efficacy and safety of voretigene neparvovec (AAV2-hRPE65v2) in patients with RPE65-mediated inherited retinal dystrophy: A randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 390:849–860. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

60 

Jiang L, Zhang H, Dizhoor AM, Boye SE, Hauswirth WW, Frederick JM and Baehr W: Long-term RNA interference gene therapy in a dominant retinitis pigmentosa mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:18476–18481. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

61 

Jiang L, Frederick JM and Baehr W: RNA interference gene therapy in dominant retinitis pigmentosa and cone-rod dystrophy mouse models caused by GCAP1 mutations. Front Mol Neurosci. 7(25)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

62 

Jiang L, Li TZ, Boye SE, Hauswirth WW, Frederick JM and Baehr W: RNAi-mediated gene suppression in a GCAP1(L151F) cone-rod dystrophy mouse model. PLoS One. 8(e57676)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

63 

Ortín-Martínez A, Valiente-Soriano FJ, García-Ayuso D, Alarcón-Martínez L, Jiménez-López M, Bernal-Garro JM, Nieto-López L, Nadal-Nicolás FM, Villegas-Pérez MP, Wheeler LA and Vidal-Sanz M: A novel in vivo model of focal light emitting diode-induced cone-photoreceptor phototoxicity: neuroprotection afforded by brimonidine, BDNF, PEDF or bFGF. PLoS One. 9(e113798)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

64 

Punzo C, Kornacker K and Cepko CL: Stimulation of the insulin/mTOR pathway delays cone death in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Nat Neurosci. 12:44–52. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

65 

Aït-Ali N, Fridlich R, Millet-Puel G, Clérin E, Delalande F, Jaillard C, Blond F, Perrocheau L, Reichman S, Byrne LC, et al: Rod-derived cone viability factor promotes cone survival by stimulating aerobic glycolysis. Cell. 161:817–832. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

66 

Yang Y, Mohand-Said S, Danan A, Simonutti M, Fontaine V, Clerin E, Picaud S, Léveillard T and Sahel JA: Functional cone rescue by RdCVF protein in a dominant model of retinitis pigmentosa. Mol Ther. 17:787–795. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

67 

Johnson S, Michaelides M, Aligianis IA, Ainsworth JR, Mollon JD, Maher ER, Moore AT and Hunt DM: Achromatopsia caused by novel mutations in both CNGA3 and CNGB3. J Med Genet. 41(e20)2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

68 

Ellingford JM, Barton S, Bhaskar S, O'Sullivan J, Williams SG, Lamb JA, Panda B, Sergouniotis PI, Gillespie RL, Daiger SP, et al: Molecular findings from 537 individuals with inherited retinal disease. J Med Genet. 53:761–767. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

69 

Reuter P, Koeppen K, Ladewig T, Kohl S, Baumann B and Wissinger B: Achromatopsia Clinical Study Group. Mutations in CNGA3 impair trafficking or function of cone cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, resulting in achromatopsia. Hum Mutat. 29:1228–1236. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

70 

Carss KJ, Arno G, Erwood M, Stephens J, Sanchis-Juan A, Hull S, Megy K, Grozeva D, Dewhurst E, Malka S, et al: Comprehensive rare variant analysis via whole-genome sequencing to determine the molecular pathology of inherited retinal disease. Am J Hum Genet. 100:75–90. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Sun R, Wang Y, Zhou W, Chen S, Li Y, Pan M, Ji D, Li J and Shi X: Novel compound heterozygous <em>CNGA3</em> mutation associated with retinal cone dystrophy. Exp Ther Med 30: 155, 2025.
APA
Sun, R., Wang, Y., Zhou, W., Chen, S., Li, Y., Pan, M. ... Shi, X. (2025). Novel compound heterozygous <em>CNGA3</em> mutation associated with retinal cone dystrophy. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 155. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12905
MLA
Sun, R., Wang, Y., Zhou, W., Chen, S., Li, Y., Pan, M., Ji, D., Li, J., Shi, X."Novel compound heterozygous <em>CNGA3</em> mutation associated with retinal cone dystrophy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.2 (2025): 155.
Chicago
Sun, R., Wang, Y., Zhou, W., Chen, S., Li, Y., Pan, M., Ji, D., Li, J., Shi, X."Novel compound heterozygous <em>CNGA3</em> mutation associated with retinal cone dystrophy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 2 (2025): 155. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12905
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Sun R, Wang Y, Zhou W, Chen S, Li Y, Pan M, Ji D, Li J and Shi X: Novel compound heterozygous <em>CNGA3</em> mutation associated with retinal cone dystrophy. Exp Ther Med 30: 155, 2025.
APA
Sun, R., Wang, Y., Zhou, W., Chen, S., Li, Y., Pan, M. ... Shi, X. (2025). Novel compound heterozygous <em>CNGA3</em> mutation associated with retinal cone dystrophy. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 155. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12905
MLA
Sun, R., Wang, Y., Zhou, W., Chen, S., Li, Y., Pan, M., Ji, D., Li, J., Shi, X."Novel compound heterozygous <em>CNGA3</em> mutation associated with retinal cone dystrophy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.2 (2025): 155.
Chicago
Sun, R., Wang, Y., Zhou, W., Chen, S., Li, Y., Pan, M., Ji, D., Li, J., Shi, X."Novel compound heterozygous <em>CNGA3</em> mutation associated with retinal cone dystrophy". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 2 (2025): 155. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12905
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team