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Association of serum proinflammatory factors with clinical response to ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema

  • Authors:
    • Xin Gao
    • Haosheng Li
    • Jiale Diao
    • Dianjun Liu
    • Weifeng Sun
    • Zhe Zhou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Ophthalmology, People's Liberation Army Naval Medical Center, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China, Department of General Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army Unit Hospital 94162, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710600, P.R. China, Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army Unit Hospital 92493, Huludao, Liaoning 710600, P.R. China, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Gao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 177
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    Published online on: July 21, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12927
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Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the role of circulating plasma inflammatory factors as predictors for the clinical response to anti‑vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). An observational clinical study was conducted with 58 participants confirmed to have DME involving the foveal center. Participants with a central retinal thickness (CRT) of 320 µm or greater were treated with intravitreal Ranibizumab. CRT, best‑corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and vessel density were assessed at 3‑month intervals during follow‑up. The mean LogMAR BCVA significantly improved from 0.88±0.50 at baseline to 0.681±0.491 at month 3 (P<0.001), while the CRT value decreased from 568.66±105.87 µm at baseline to 450.26±90.22 µm at month 3 (P<0.001). Of the cases, 62.07% showed a favorable anatomic response and 46.55% exhibited a favorable visual acuity response. IL‑17 was linked to a limited anatomic response (P=0.02) and also negatively correlated with a favorable BCVA response (P=0.018). Similar associations were observed for IL‑8, which was associated with a limited anatomic response (P<0.001) and was negatively associated with a favorable BCVA response (P=0.023). Cases that improved by at least two visual acuity lines had notably lower intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‑1 concentrations (P=0.046). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified IL‑17 and IL‑8 as independent risk factors significantly associated with CRT (IL‑17, P=0.003; IL‑8, P=0.043), while IL‑17 and ICAM‑1 were independent risk factors significantly associated with BCVA (IL‑17, P=0.030; ICAM‑1, P=0.029). In conclusion, elevated levels of serum IL‑17, IL‑8 and ICAM‑1 at baseline are linked to a restricted clinical response to anti‑VEGF therapy for DME.
View Figures

Figure 1

Scatter plots for the correlation of
baseline IL-17 and IL-8 vs. CRT change (month 3 - baseline) (A)
Baseline IL-17 vs. CRT change (month 3 - baseline). (B) Baseline
IL-8 vs. CRT change (month 3 - baseline). CRT, central retinal
thickness.

Figure 2

Scatter plots for the correlation of
baseline IL-17 and ICAM-1 vs. BCVA change (month 3 - baseline). (A)
Baseline IL-17 vs. BCVA change (month 3 - baseline). (B) Baseline
ICAM-1 vs. BCVA change (month 3 - baseline). BCVA, best corrected
visual acuity; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Gao X, Li H, Diao J, Liu D, Sun W and Zhou Z: Association of serum proinflammatory factors with clinical response to ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. Exp Ther Med 30: 177, 2025.
APA
Gao, X., Li, H., Diao, J., Liu, D., Sun, W., & Zhou, Z. (2025). Association of serum proinflammatory factors with clinical response to ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 177. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12927
MLA
Gao, X., Li, H., Diao, J., Liu, D., Sun, W., Zhou, Z."Association of serum proinflammatory factors with clinical response to ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.3 (2025): 177.
Chicago
Gao, X., Li, H., Diao, J., Liu, D., Sun, W., Zhou, Z."Association of serum proinflammatory factors with clinical response to ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 3 (2025): 177. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12927
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Gao X, Li H, Diao J, Liu D, Sun W and Zhou Z: Association of serum proinflammatory factors with clinical response to ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. Exp Ther Med 30: 177, 2025.
APA
Gao, X., Li, H., Diao, J., Liu, D., Sun, W., & Zhou, Z. (2025). Association of serum proinflammatory factors with clinical response to ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 177. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12927
MLA
Gao, X., Li, H., Diao, J., Liu, D., Sun, W., Zhou, Z."Association of serum proinflammatory factors with clinical response to ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.3 (2025): 177.
Chicago
Gao, X., Li, H., Diao, J., Liu, D., Sun, W., Zhou, Z."Association of serum proinflammatory factors with clinical response to ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 3 (2025): 177. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12927
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