Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
October-2025 Volume 30 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2025 Volume 30 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in assessing blood supply during laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer

  • Authors:
    • Chu-Ying Wu
    • Qi-Ming Huang
    • Kai Ye
    • Chun-Hao Xu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China, Department of Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 194
    |
    Published online on: August 12, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12944
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore the application value of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer. The clinical and pathological data of 12 patients with rectal cancer admitted to the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Quanzhou, China) between January and May 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Laparoscopic surgery was performed on these patients. ICG was injected prior to anastomosis, before blood supply to the proximal and distal intestinal segments was observed using a fluorescence laparoscope. If the blood supply was poor, the ischaemic bowel was further resected before anastomosis. After anastomosis, the same dose of ICG was injected to assess the blood supply at the anastomotic site. Surgical and postoperative recovery data were then statistically analyzed. Procedures were successfully performed in all 12 patients, including in 2 patients undergoing extended resection and re‑anastomosis due to poor blood supply in the proximal intestinal segment according to ICG fluorescence imaging. The initial imaging time after ICG injection was 44 sec (range, 31‑69 sec), whereas the imaging duration was 4 min (range, 3‑6 min). The operation duration was 146 min (range, 112‑193 min), intraoperative blood loss was 26.5 ml (range, 21.0‑39.0 ml) and the length of the resected bowel was 18 cm (range, 9.0‑25.5 cm). The time to first postoperative flatus was 2 days (range, 1‑3 days), the time to first liquid food intake was 4 days (range, 3‑5 days) and the postoperative length of hospital stay was 8 days (range, 7‑9 days). The patients exhibited no postoperative complications. These data suggest that the use of ICG fluorescence imaging to assess blood supply during laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer is safe and effective. This possibly allows for the intraoperative evaluation of blood supply, reducing postoperative anastomotic leaks.
View Figures

Figure 1

Conventional laparoscopy showing good
blood supply to the intestines before anastomosis (scale bar, 1
cm).

Figure 2

ICG fluorescence imaging 3 min after
ICG injection, demonstrating poor blood supply in the proximal
intestinal segment, necessitating extended resection. ICG,
indocyanine green (scale bar, 1 cm).

Figure 3

ICG fluorescence imaging 3 min after
ICG injection. Following anastomosis, the same dose of ICG was
injected and fluorescence imaging confirmed adequate blood supply
to the anastomosis site (scale bar, 1 cm). ICG, indocyanine
green.
View References

1 

Zimmermann MS, Wellner U, Laubert T, Ellebrecht DB, Bruch HP, Keck T, Schlöricke E and Benecke CR: Influence of anastomotic leak after elective colorectal cancer resection on survival and local recurrence: A propensity score analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 62:286–293. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Nordholm-Carstensen A, Rolff HC and Krarup PM: Differential impact of anastomotic leak in patients with stage IV colonic or rectal cancer: A nationwide cohort study. Dis Colon Rectum. 60:497–507. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Walz J, Burnett AL, Costello AJ, Eastham JA, Graefen M, Guillonneau B, Menon M, Montorsi F, Myers RP, Rocco B and Villers A: A critical analysis of the current knowledge of surgical anatomy related to optimization of cancer control and preservation of continence and erection in candidates for radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 57:179–192. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Karliczek A, Harlaar NJ, Zeebregts CJ, Wiggers T, Baas PC and van Dam GM: Surgeons lack predictive accuracy for anastomotic leakage in gastrointestinal surgery. Int J Colorectal Dis. 24:569–576. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Hamabe A, Ogino T, Tanida T, Noura S, Morita S and Dono K: Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided laparoscopic surgery, with omental appendices as fluorescent markers for colorectal cancer resection: A pilot study. Surg Endosc. 33:669–678. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Watanabe J, Ishibe A, Suwa Y, Suwa H, Ota M, Kunisaki C and Endo I: Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging to reduce the risk of anastomotic leakage in laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer: A propensity score-matched cohort study. Surg Endosc. 34:202–208. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Swamy MMM, Murai Y, Monde K, Tsuboi S and Jin T: Shortwave-infrared fluorescent molecular imaging probes based on π-conjugation extended indocyanine green. Bioconjug Chem. 32:1541–1547. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Gao C, Deng ZJ, Peng D, Jin YS, Ma Y, Li YY, Zhu YK, Xi JZ, Tian J, Dai ZF, et al: Near-infrared dye-loaded magnetic nanoparticles as photoacoustic contrast agent for enhanced tumor imaging. Cancer Biol Med. 13:349–359. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Sherwinter DA, Gallagher J and Donkar T: Intra-operative transanal near infrared imaging of colorectal anastomotic perfusion: A feasibility study. Colorectal Dis. 15:91–96. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Megaritis D, Echevarria C and Vogiatzis I: Respiratory and locomotor muscle blood flow measurements using near-infrared spectroscopy and indocyanine green dye in health and disease. Chron Respir Dis. 21(14799731241246802)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Shen Z, An Y, Shi Y, Yin M, Xie Q, Gao Z, Jiang K, Wang S and Ye Y: The aortic calcification index is a risk factor associated with anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. 21:1397–1404. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Ramphal W, Boeding JRE, Gobardhan PD, Rutten HJT, de Winter LJMB, Crolla RMPH and Schreinemakers JMJ: Oncologic outcome and recurrence rate following anastomotic leakage after curative resection for colorectal cancer. Surg Oncol. 27:730–736. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Damen N, Spilsbury K, Levitt M, Makin G, Salama P, Tan P, Penter C and Platell C: Anastomotic leaks in colorectal surgery. ANZ J Surg. 84:763–768. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Paun BC, Cassie S, MacLean AR, Dixon E and Buie WD: Postoperative complications following surgery for rectal cancer. Ann Surg. 251:807–818. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Boxall TA, Smart PJ and Griffiths JD: The blood-supply of the distal segment of the rectum in anterior resection. BrJ Surg. 50:399–404. 1963.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Michels NA, Siddharth P, Komblith PL and Parke WW: The variant blood supply to the descending colon, rectosigmoid and rectum basedon 400 dissections. its importance in regional resections: A review of medical literature. Dis Colon Rectum. 8:251–278. 1965.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Nano M, Dal Corso H, Ferronato M, Solej M, Hornung JP and Dei Poli M: Ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in the surgery of rectal cancer: Anatomical considerations. Dig Surg. 21:123–127. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Shogan BD, Carlisle EM, Alverdy JC and Umanskiy K: Do we really know why colorectal anastomoses leak? J Gastrointest Surg. 17:1698–1707. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Huh YJ, Lee HJ, Kim TH, Choi YS, Park JH, Son YG, Suh YS, Kong SH and Yang HK: Efficacy of assessing intraoperative bowel perfusion with near-infrared camera in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 29:476–483. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Spencer M, Unal R, Zhu B, Rasouli N, McGehee RE Jr, Peterson CA and Kern PA: Adipose tissue extracellular matrix and vascular abnormalities in obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96:E1990–E1998. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Xi S, Zheng X and Wang X, Jiang B, Shen Z, Wang G, Jiang Y, Fang X, Qian D, Muhammad DI and Wang X: Initial application of fluorescence imaging for intraoperative localization of small neuroendocrine tumors in the pancreas: Case report and review of the literature. J Gastrointest Cancer. 56(23)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz P, Kowalewski G, Garnier H, Wojtylko A, Murawski M, Szczygieł M, Al-Ameri M, Czauderna P, Godzinski J, Kalicinski P and Mankowski P: Practical guidelines for the use of indocyanine green in different branches of pediatric surgery: A polish nationwide multi-center retrospective cohort study. Health Sci Rep. 8(e70586)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Satoyoshi T, Okita K, Ishii M, Hamabe A, Usui A, Akizuki E, Okuya K, Nishidate T, Yamano H, Nakase H and Takemasa I: Timing of indocyanine green injection prior to laparoscopic colorectal surgery for tumor localization: A prospective case series. Surg Endosc. 35:763–769. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Martínek L, Pazdírek F, Hoch J and Kocián P: Intra-operative fluorescence angiography of colorectal anastomotic perfusion: A technical aspects. Rozhl Chir. 97:167–171. 2018.PubMed/NCBI(In Czech).

25 

Kudszus S, Roesel C, Schachtrupp A and Höer JJ: Intraoperative laser fluorescence angiography in colorectal surgery: A noninvasive analysis to reduce the rate of anastomotic leakage. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 395:1025–1030. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Ris F, Hompes R, Cunningham C, Lindsey I, Guy R, Jones O, George B, Cahill RA and Mortensen NJ: Near-infrared(NIR) perfusion angiography in minimally invasive colorectal surgery. Surg Endosc. 28:2221–2226. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Blanco-Colino R and Espin-Basany E: Intraoperative use of ICG fluorescence imaging to reduce the risk of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol. 22:15–23. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Brackney CK, Pestana IA, Hoffler HL and Blazek CD: Assessment of flap viability for complex transmetatarsal amputation using indocyanine green fluorescent angiography: A case study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 112:20–198. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Lee YN, Moon JH and Choi HJ: Role of image-enhanced endoscopy in pancreatobiliary diseases. Clin Endosc. 51:541–546. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

De Nardi P, Elmore U, Maggi G, Maggiore R, Boni L, Cassinotti E, Fumagalli U, Gardani M, De Pascale S, Parise P, et al: Intraoperative angiography with indocyanine green to assess anastomosis perfusion in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection: Results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc. 34:53–60. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Jafari MD, Wexner SD, Martz JE, McLemore EC, Margolin DA, Sherwinter DA, Lee SW, Senagore AJ, Phelan MJ and Stamos MJ: Perfusion assessment in laparoscopic left-sided/anterior resection (PILLAR II): A multi-institutional study. J Am Coll Surg. 220:82–92.e1. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Chan DKH, Lee SKF and Ang JJ: Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography decreases the risk of colorectal anastomotic leakage: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgery. 168:1128–1137. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Shi J, Wu Z, Li Z and Ji J: Roles of macrophage subtypes in bowel anastomotic healing and anastomotic leakage. J Immunol Res. 2018(6827237)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Foppa C, Ng SC, Montorsi M and Spinelli A: Anastomotic leak in colorectal cancer patients: New insights and perspectives. Eur J Surg Oncol. 46:943–954. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Shu Y, Li KJ, Sulayman S, Zhang ZY, Ababaike S, Wang K, Zeng XY, Chen Y and Zhao ZL: Predictive value of serum calcium ion level in patients with colorectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study. World J Gastrointest Surg. 17(102638)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Li K, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Wang K, Pan Y, Wu Z, Chen Y and Zhao Z: Pan-immune-inflammatory values predict survival in patients after radical surgery for non-metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective study. Oncol Lett. 29(197)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Li K, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Wang K, Sulayman S, Zeng X, Ababaike S, Guan J and Zhao Z: Preoperative pan-immuno-inflammatory values and albumin-to-globulin ratio predict the prognosis of stage I-III colorectal cancer. Sci Rep. 15(11517)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Wang K, Li K, Zhang Z, Zeng X, Sulayman S, Ababaike S, Wu Z, Pan Y, Chu J, Guan J, et al: Prognostic value of combined NP and LHb index with absolute monocyte count in colorectal cancer patients. Sci Rep. 15(8902)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Zhang ZY, Li KJ, Zeng XY, Wang K, Sulayman S, Chen Y and Zhao ZL: Early prediction of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery: Onodera prognostic nutritional index combined with inflammation-related biomarkers. World J Gastrointest Surg. 17(102862)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wu C, Huang Q, Ye K and Xu C: Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in assessing blood supply during laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 30: 194, 2025.
APA
Wu, C., Huang, Q., Ye, K., & Xu, C. (2025). Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in assessing blood supply during laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 194. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12944
MLA
Wu, C., Huang, Q., Ye, K., Xu, C."Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in assessing blood supply during laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.4 (2025): 194.
Chicago
Wu, C., Huang, Q., Ye, K., Xu, C."Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in assessing blood supply during laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 4 (2025): 194. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12944
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wu C, Huang Q, Ye K and Xu C: Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in assessing blood supply during laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 30: 194, 2025.
APA
Wu, C., Huang, Q., Ye, K., & Xu, C. (2025). Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in assessing blood supply during laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 194. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12944
MLA
Wu, C., Huang, Q., Ye, K., Xu, C."Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in assessing blood supply during laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.4 (2025): 194.
Chicago
Wu, C., Huang, Q., Ye, K., Xu, C."Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in assessing blood supply during laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 4 (2025): 194. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12944
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team