Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
December-2025 Volume 30 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2025 Volume 30 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Clinical effectiveness of intraoperative continuous pump infusion of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fractures

  • Authors:
    • Qiuju Zhong
    • Bo Si
    • Linyi Zhou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, The 904th Hospital of The Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 225
    |
    Published online on: September 18, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12975
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a prevalent acute central nervous system complication in elderly patients following surgery. The potential of remimazolam, a novel ultrashort‑acting benzodiazepine, in mitigating POD after hip fracture surgery remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of continuous intraoperative remimazolam infusion on POD in elderly patients with hip fractures undergoing subarachnoid block. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 405 elderly patients who underwent elective hip fracture surgery under subarachnoid block at The 904th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force (Wuxi, China) between January 2019 and December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the intervention received: The remimazolam group (observation group, n=180) and the control group (no remimazolam treatment, n=225). POD was evaluated using the Confusion Assessment Method‑Chinese Revision at 1‑7 days post‑surgery. Anxiety scores were recorded 1 day before and 1 day after surgery. The incidence of intraoperative hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia, hypoxemia, and postoperative nausea and vomiting was also documented. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups, with no significant differences observed in patient demographics. The incidence of POD was significantly lower in the remimazolam group compared with that in the control group (P=0.008). Anxiety scores 1 day post‑surgery were also significantly reduced in the remimazolam group (P<0.001). Furthermore, the remimazolam group demonstrated a marked reduction in intraoperative hypertension (P=0.017). No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding the incidences of intraoperative hypotension, bradycardia, hypoxemia, or postoperative nausea and vomiting. In conclusion, remimazolam appears to reduce the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery with subarachnoid block, potentially through the alleviation of intraoperative anxiety, without increasing the risk of perioperative complications.
View Figures

Figure 1

Patient recruitment and follow-up.
Schematic diagram detailing how many patients were recruited and
how many patients were excluded.

Figure 2

Incidence of POD in remimazolam vs.
control groups. (A) Incidence of POD. (B) Duration of POD. POD,
postoperative delirium.
View References

1 

Goldberg TE, Chen C, Wang Y, Jung E, Swanson A, Ing C, Garcia PS, Whittington RA and Moitra V: Association of delirium with long-term cognitive decline: A meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 77:1373–1381. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Chen J, Wang Y, Hu X, Li M, Xiong K, Zhang Z and Chen Q: The role of statins in the management of delirium: Recent advances. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 20:203–215. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Saczynski JS, Marcantonio ER, Quach L, Fong TG, Gross A, Inouye SK and Jones RN: Cognitive trajectories after postoperative delirium. N Engl J Med. 367:30–39. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Redelmeier DA, Manzoor F and Thiruchelvam D: Association between statin use and risk of dementia after a concussion. JAMA Neurol. 76:887–896. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Wang M, Liu J, Liu W, Zhang X, Zhang G, Sun L, Bi Y, Wang H and Dong R: Effectiveness of perioperative remimazolam in preventing postoperative delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res. 30(122)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Fujimoto D, Obata N and Mizobuchi S: Effectiveness of remimazolam in preventing postoperative delirium in elderly patients with proximal femoral fractures. J Anesth. 38:475–482. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Xue X, Ma X, Zhao B, Liu B, Zhang J, Li Z, Li H, Liu X and Zhao S: The impact of remimazolam compared to propofol on postoperative delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Anestesiol. 91:70–79. 2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Suga M, Yasuhara J, Watanabe A, Takagi H, Kuno T, Nishimura T, Ijuin S, Taira T, Inoue A, Ishihara S, et al: Postoperative delirium under general anaesthesia by remimazolam versus propofol: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Clin Anesth. 101(111735)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Yang JJ, Lei L, Qiu D, Chen S, Xing LK, Zhao JW, Mao YY and Yang JJ: Effect of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in older adult patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: A Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Drug Des Devel Ther. 17:143–153. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Aoki Y, Kurita T, Nakajima M, Imai R, Suzuki Y, Makino H, Kinoshita H, Doi M and Nakajima Y: Association between remimazolam and postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing elective cardiovascular surgery: A prospective cohort study. J Anesth. 37:13–22. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Glumac S, Kardum G, Sodic L, Supe-Domic D and Karanovic N: Effects of dexamethasone on early cognitive decline after cardiac surgery: A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 34:776–784. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Lee H, Kim K and Lee C: Remimazolam-based anesthesia and systemic inflammatory biomarkers in relation to postoperative delirium in elderly patients: A retrospective cohort study. Medicina (Kaunas). 61(1023)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Kanatas A, Gorton H, Smith AB, Mannion C, Ong TK and Mitchell D: ASA grade and disease-free mortality in head and neck cancer patients: A prospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 48:591–593. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Kim M, Heo D, Kim S, Lee Y, Kim YS, Sung W and Kim HJ: Cognitive impairment screening test in Korea as a screening tool for dementia: The correlation study of subtest scores with Korean version of the mini mental state examination 2nd edition. Dement Neurocogn Disord. 24:126–134. 2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Gould D, Kelly D, Goldstone L and Gammon J: Examining the validity of pressure ulcer risk assessment scales: Developing and using illustrated patient simulations to collect the data. J Clin Nurs. 10:697–706. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Wong CL, Holroyd-Leduc J, Simel DL and Straus SE: Does this patient have delirium?: Value of bedside instruments. JAMA. 304:779–786. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Guillén-Riquelme A and Buela-Casal G: Meta-analysis of group comparison and meta-analysis of reliability generalization of the state-trait anxiety inventory questionnaire (STAI). Rev Esp Salud Publica. 88:101–112. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In Spanish).

18 

Pachana NA, Byrne GJ, Siddle H, Koloski N, Harley E and Arnold E: Development and validation of the geriatric anxiety inventory. Int Psychogeriatr. 19:103–114. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Lee SJ, Jung SH, Lee SU, Lim JY, Yoon KS and Lee SY: Postoperative delirium after hip surgery is a potential risk factor for incident dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 87(103977)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Kappenschneider T, Maderbacher G, Weber M, Greimel F, Holzapfel D, Parik L, Schwarz T, Leiss F, Knebl M, Reinhard J, et al: Special orthopaedic geriatrics (SOG)-a new multiprofessional care model for elderly patients in elective orthopaedic surgery: A study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial of a multimodal intervention in frail patients with hip and knee replacement. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 23(1079)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

HIP ATTACK Investigators. Accelerated surgery versus standard care in hip fracture (HIP ATTACK): An international, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 395:698–708. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Rizk P, Morris W, Oladeji P and Huo M: Review of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients undergoing hip surgery. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 7:100–105. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Krzych ŁJ, Pluta MP, Putowski Z and Czok M: Investigating association between intraoperative hypotension and postoperative neurocognitive disorders in non-cardiac surgery: A comprehensive review. J Clin Med. 9(3183)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Sieber FE, Mears S, Lee H and Gottschalk A: Postoperative opioid consumption and its relationship to cognitive function in older adults with hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc. 59:2256–2262. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Kalisvaart KJ, Vreeswijk R, de Jonghe JF, van der Ploeg T, van Gool WA and Eikelenboom P: Risk factors and prediction of postoperative delirium in elderly hip-surgery patients: Implementation and validation of a medical risk factor model. J Am Geriatr Soc. 54:817–822. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Olofsson B, Lundström M, Borssén B, Nyberg L and Gustafson Y: Delirium is associated with poor rehabilitation outcome in elderly patients treated for femoral neck fractures. Scand J Caring Sci. 19:119–127. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Chen Z, Liu YY, Hu Q, Wang JS, Cao RY, Yu ST, Lu F, Zhong ML, Liang WD and Wang L: Effect of ciprofol on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Drug Des Devel Ther. 19:6207–6218. 2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Geng P, Shang Z, Cheng F, Zhang Y, Deng X, Chen X, Zhan L, Zheng L and Liu X: Preoperative low-dose dexmedetomidine reduces postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture under spinal anesthesia: A randomized, double blind, controlled clinical study. J Clin Anesth. 105(111897)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Chen Y, Liang S, Wu H, Deng S, Wang F, Lunzhu C and Li J: Postoperative delirium in geriatric patients with hip fractures. Front Aging Neurosci. 14(1068278)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Popp J and Arlt S: Prevention and treatment options for postoperative delirium in the elderly. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 25:515–521. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Deiner S, Luo X, Lin HM, Sessler DI, Saager L, Sieber FE, Lee HB and Sano M: and the Dexlirium Writing Group. Jankowski C, et al: Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine for prevention of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing major elective noncardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 152(e171505)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Liu T, Tuo J, Wei Q, Sun X, Zhao H, Zhao X and Qu M: Effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Gen Med. 15:6105–6113. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Halpin E, Inch H and O'Neill M: Dexmedetomidine's relationship to delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review. Crit Care Nurs Q. 43:28–38. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Kilpatrick GJ: Remimazolam: Non-clinical and clinical profile of a new sedative/anesthetic agent. Front Pharmacol. 12(690875)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Paton DM: Remimazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine for procedural sedation. Drugs Today (Barc). 57:337–346. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Muncan B and Bennett-Guerrero E: Remimazolam use in cardiac anesthesia: A narrative review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 38:3179–3187. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Wang Y, Gou ZH, Wang GM, Ye LH, Chen L and Wang Q: Association of remimazolam with delirium and cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia or procedural sedation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Med (Lausanne). 12(1567794)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Wu H, Tian S, Ma H, Zhou W, Feng S, Meng L, Ou J, Xu F and Zhang Z: Effects of remimazolam on intraoperative frontal alpha band power spectrum density and postoperative cognitive function in older adults undergoing lower extremity fractures surgeries: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging. 19:2195–2205. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Zhang H, Li H, Zhao S and Bao F: Remimazolam in general anesthesia: A comprehensive review of its applications and clinical efficacy. Drug Des Devel Ther. 18:3487–3498. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Li S, Sana S and Wang D: Remimazolam mitigates oxidative stress response in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation. Front Surg. 12(1456827)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Mao S, Gao R, Huang Y, He H, Yao J and Feng J: Effect of remimazolam combined with estazolam on anxiety levels and postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery. Eur J Med Res. 30(118)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Li CW, Xue FS and Hou HJ: In reference to effects of preoperative anxiety on postoperative delirium in elderly patients [letter]. Clin Interv Aging. 16:799–800. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Gu X, Zhang Y, Wei W and Zhu J: Effects of preoperative anxiety on postoperative outcomes and sleep quality in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. J Clin Med. 12(1835)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Shimony N, Amit U, Minz B, Grossman R, Dany MA, Gonen L, Kandov K, Ram Z and Weinbroum AA: Perioperative pregabalin for reducing pain, analgesic consumption, and anxiety and enhancing sleep quality in elective neurosurgical patients: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, and controlled clinical study. J Neurosurg. 125:1513–1522. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Ren A, Zhang N, Zhu H, Zhou K, Cao Y and Liu J: Effects of preoperative anxiety on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery: A prospective observational cohort study. Clin Interv Aging. 16:549–557. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Zhou L, Shi H, Xiao M, Liu W, Wang L, Zhou S, Chen S, Wang Y and Liu C: Remimazolam attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. Behav Brain Res. 476(115268)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Yaqiu L, Heng Z, Ruimin W and Xuri W: Effects of remimazolam and propofol on sleep rhythm and delirium after spinal surgery in elderly patients. Perioper Med (Lond). 14(18)2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhong Q, Si B and Zhou L: Clinical effectiveness of intraoperative continuous pump infusion of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fractures. Exp Ther Med 30: 225, 2025.
APA
Zhong, Q., Si, B., & Zhou, L. (2025). Clinical effectiveness of intraoperative continuous pump infusion of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fractures. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 225. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12975
MLA
Zhong, Q., Si, B., Zhou, L."Clinical effectiveness of intraoperative continuous pump infusion of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fractures". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.6 (2025): 225.
Chicago
Zhong, Q., Si, B., Zhou, L."Clinical effectiveness of intraoperative continuous pump infusion of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fractures". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 6 (2025): 225. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12975
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhong Q, Si B and Zhou L: Clinical effectiveness of intraoperative continuous pump infusion of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fractures. Exp Ther Med 30: 225, 2025.
APA
Zhong, Q., Si, B., & Zhou, L. (2025). Clinical effectiveness of intraoperative continuous pump infusion of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fractures. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 225. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12975
MLA
Zhong, Q., Si, B., Zhou, L."Clinical effectiveness of intraoperative continuous pump infusion of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fractures". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.6 (2025): 225.
Chicago
Zhong, Q., Si, B., Zhou, L."Clinical effectiveness of intraoperative continuous pump infusion of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fractures". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 6 (2025): 225. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12975
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team