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Article

Clinical characteristics of acute primary angle closure following COVID‑19 during the Omicron outbreak in China

  • Authors:
    • Jianhui Zhang
    • Yingying Xue
    • Liu Zhang
    • Yuhong Wang
    • Shancheng Si
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Clinical Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China, Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Clinical Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China, Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Eye Center of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 64
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    Published online on: January 9, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13059
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Abstract

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) has been associated with diverse ocular manifestations, yet its potential link with acute primary angle closure (APAC) remains poorly characterized, particularly during the Omicron variant wave. The aim of the present study was to explore the clinical characteristics of APAC following COVID‑19 infection during the Omicron epidemic period in China. A retrospective comparison was conducted between patients with APAC who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) ribonucleic acid within 15 days before APAC onset (post‑COVID‑19 group; December 2022 to January 2023), and patients with APAC from the same seasonal period before the pandemic (pre‑pandemic group; December 2018 to January 2019). The pre‑pandemic group comprised 50 eyes of 48 patients, and the post‑COVID‑19 group comprised 86 eyes of 78 patients. Demographic, clinical and treatment data were compared between the two groups. The post‑COVID‑19 group exhibited a significantly deeper anterior chamber depth (ACD) and thinner lens. The post‑COVID‑19 group also exhibited more extensive angle closure with less frequent ciliary body detachment and a lower proportion of patients treated with glucocorticoid eyedrops. Although patients in the post‑COVID‑19 group presented with a greater ACD than those in the pre‑pandemic group, the ACDs of both groups were within the clinically shallow range. This suggests a potential pathophysiological mechanism involving anterior chamber angle obstruction and inflammation, possibly triggered by SARS‑CoV‑2 infection, rather than pure pupillary block. Therefore, it is recommended that ophthalmologists should be vigilant for APAC in patients post‑infection with COVID‑19, even in those with only moderately shallow anterior chambers.

View Figures

Figure 1

Comparison of the clinical
characteristics of patients with APAC pre-pandemic and
post-COVID-19 infection. Patients with pre-pandemic APAC were
compared with those following COVID-19 regarding (A) age, (B)
anterior chamber depth, (C) lens thickness, (D) number of quadrants
of angle closure on UBM, (E) ciliary body detachment on UBM and (F)
use of glucocorticoid eyedrops. Data are presented as (A-C) mean ±
standard deviation, (D) median (interquartile range) and (E and F)
n (%). APAC, acute primary angle closure; COVID-19, coronavirus
disease 2019; UBM, ultrasound biomicroscopy.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang J, Xue Y, Zhang L, Wang Y and Si S: <p>Clinical characteristics of acute primary angle closure following COVID‑19 during the Omicron outbreak in China</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 64, 2026.
APA
Zhang, J., Xue, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Si, S. (2026). <p>Clinical characteristics of acute primary angle closure following COVID‑19 during the Omicron outbreak in China</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13059
MLA
Zhang, J., Xue, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Si, S."<p>Clinical characteristics of acute primary angle closure following COVID‑19 during the Omicron outbreak in China</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.3 (2026): 64.
Chicago
Zhang, J., Xue, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Si, S."<p>Clinical characteristics of acute primary angle closure following COVID‑19 during the Omicron outbreak in China</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 3 (2026): 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13059
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang J, Xue Y, Zhang L, Wang Y and Si S: <p>Clinical characteristics of acute primary angle closure following COVID‑19 during the Omicron outbreak in China</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 64, 2026.
APA
Zhang, J., Xue, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Si, S. (2026). <p>Clinical characteristics of acute primary angle closure following COVID‑19 during the Omicron outbreak in China</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13059
MLA
Zhang, J., Xue, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Si, S."<p>Clinical characteristics of acute primary angle closure following COVID‑19 during the Omicron outbreak in China</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.3 (2026): 64.
Chicago
Zhang, J., Xue, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Si, S."<p>Clinical characteristics of acute primary angle closure following COVID‑19 during the Omicron outbreak in China</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 3 (2026): 64. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13059
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