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Case Report

Identification of a novel KISS1R (GPR54) gene variant (c.505+2T>G) in a patient with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: A case report and literature review

  • Authors:
    • Burak Menekse
    • Enes Ucgul
    • Abdullatif Bakir
    • Sema Hepsen
    • Ilknur Ozturk Unsal
    • Muhammed Kizilgul
    • Takako Araki
    • Erman Cakal
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara 06170, Türkiye, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara 06170, Türkiy, Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401, USA
  • Article Number: 71
    |
    Published online on: January 16, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13066
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Abstract

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder (incidence, 1/15.000‑1/50.000) characterized by delayed or absent puberty due to a deficient secretion of gonadotropin‑releasing hormone (GnRH). A KAL1 mutation is the most common genetic cause of CHH, which is typically associated with anosmia. By contrast, the less common kisspeptin‑1 receptor (KISS1R) mutation is more frequently observed in normosmic patients. This study aimed to investigate a 21‑year‑old male with normosmic CHH caused by a novel homozygous splice‑site mutation in the KISS1R gene (c.505+2T>G). The location of the identified variant (c.505+2T>G) near the exon‑intron junction suggests the possibility of receptor dysfunction. 2The clinical features included micropenis, reduced body hair, erectile dysfunction and small testes. The hormonal analysis confirmed low testosterone levels with inappropriately normal gonadotropin levels. The pituitary magnetic resonance imaging indicated normal results, and a GnRH stimulation test confirmed a hypothalamic origin of the deficiency. The patient responded well to human chorionic gonadotropin alpha monotherapy, indicating increased testosterone levels, spermatogenesis and testicular volume. During a 24‑week follow‑up, the patient maintained hormonal and clinical improvements, including the normalization of erectile function and increased body hair growth. To our knowledge, this KISS1R variant has not been previously investigated. Thus, the findings of the present study contribute novel insights into the genetic spectrum of CHH. Given the consanguinity in the family, this case also emphasizes the value of genetic counseling in familial forms of CHH.

View Figures

Figure 1

Pituitary gland in the coronal (left)
and sagittal (right) sections on the T1 sequence on magnetic
resonance imaging.

Figure 2

Schematic representation of the
KISS1R gene and receptor. (A) Normal gene splicing and
functional KISS1R leading to normal GnRH signaling. (B)
Mutant KISS1R gene carrying the c.505+2T>G variant
disrupts the splice donor site between exons 4 and 5, resulting in
aberrant mRNA splicing and a truncated, nonfunctional receptor,
ultimately reducing GnRH and gonadotropin secretion. KISS1R,
kisspeptin-1 receptor; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Menekse B, Ucgul E, Bakir A, Hepsen S, Unsal IO, Kizilgul M, Araki T and Cakal E: Identification of a novel KISS1R (GPR54) gene variant (c.505+2T>G) in a patient with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: A case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 31: 71, 2026.
APA
Menekse, B., Ucgul, E., Bakir, A., Hepsen, S., Unsal, I.O., Kizilgul, M. ... Cakal, E. (2026). Identification of a novel KISS1R (GPR54) gene variant (c.505+2T>G) in a patient with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: A case report and literature review. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 71. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13066
MLA
Menekse, B., Ucgul, E., Bakir, A., Hepsen, S., Unsal, I. O., Kizilgul, M., Araki, T., Cakal, E."Identification of a novel KISS1R (GPR54) gene variant (c.505+2T>G) in a patient with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: A case report and literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.3 (2026): 71.
Chicago
Menekse, B., Ucgul, E., Bakir, A., Hepsen, S., Unsal, I. O., Kizilgul, M., Araki, T., Cakal, E."Identification of a novel KISS1R (GPR54) gene variant (c.505+2T>G) in a patient with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: A case report and literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 3 (2026): 71. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13066
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Menekse B, Ucgul E, Bakir A, Hepsen S, Unsal IO, Kizilgul M, Araki T and Cakal E: Identification of a novel KISS1R (GPR54) gene variant (c.505+2T>G) in a patient with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: A case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 31: 71, 2026.
APA
Menekse, B., Ucgul, E., Bakir, A., Hepsen, S., Unsal, I.O., Kizilgul, M. ... Cakal, E. (2026). Identification of a novel KISS1R (GPR54) gene variant (c.505+2T>G) in a patient with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: A case report and literature review. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 71. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13066
MLA
Menekse, B., Ucgul, E., Bakir, A., Hepsen, S., Unsal, I. O., Kizilgul, M., Araki, T., Cakal, E."Identification of a novel KISS1R (GPR54) gene variant (c.505+2T>G) in a patient with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: A case report and literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.3 (2026): 71.
Chicago
Menekse, B., Ucgul, E., Bakir, A., Hepsen, S., Unsal, I. O., Kizilgul, M., Araki, T., Cakal, E."Identification of a novel KISS1R (GPR54) gene variant (c.505+2T>G) in a patient with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: A case report and literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 3 (2026): 71. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13066
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