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Article Open Access

Efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopy vs. percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar approach in lumbar disc herniation: A meta‑analysis​

  • Authors:
    • Yuhao Gao
    • Fangzheng He
    • Ji Wen
    • Shilei Qin
    • Pengfei Han
    • Yunfeng Xu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Graduate School, Graduate Student Department of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China, Department of Orthopedics, Changzhi Institute of Spinal Degenerative Diseases, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China, Department of Orthopedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Gao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 79
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    Published online on: January 23, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13074
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Abstract

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of lower back and radicular pain. Unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy (UBE) and percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) are two prevalent minimally invasive techniques, yet their comparative efficacy and safety remain debated. Within the present meta‑analysis, the aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of UBE and PEID in treating LDH. A systematic literature search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to June 10, 2025, to identify comparative studies evaluating UBE and PEID for single‑level LDH. Extracted data included operative time, blood loss, fluoroscopy frequency, hospital stay, visual analog scale (VAS) score for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), MacNab excellent/good rate and complication rate. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle‑Ottawa Scale. A total of ten studies involving 1,003 patients was included. PEID demonstrated advantages in operative time [mean difference (MD)=7.82 min; P=0.004], blood loss (MD=25.5 ml; P=0.01) and hospital stay (MD=0.56 days; P=0.007). UBE demonstrated ODI improvement at 1 (MD=‑0.93; P=0.01) and 6 months (MD=‑0.85; P=0.01). No significant differences were observed in VAS scores for back and leg pain, MacNab excellent/good rate, fluoroscopy frequency or complication rates. UBE demonstrated improved postoperative functional recovery, instrument maneuverability and visualization, whereas PEID offered shorter operative time, reduced blood loss and shorter hospital stays. The choice of surgical approach should consider these outcome trade‑offs along with patient characteristics and surgeon expertise.

View Figures

Figure 1

Flowchart of the selection process
for the present study.

Figure 2

Forest plots comparing surgical
efficiency indicators. (A) Operative time, (B) blood loss, (C)
fluoroscopy frequency and (D) hospital stay intraoperative
parameters. CI, confidence interval; IV, inverse variance; UBE,
unilateral biportal endoscopic; PEID, percutaneous endoscopic
interlaminar discectomy.

Figure 3

Forest plot comparing back VAS scores
between UBE and PEID groups. CI, confidence interval; IV, inverse
variance; VAS, visual analog scale; UBE, unilateral biportal
endoscopic; PEID, percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar
discectomy.

Figure 4

Forest plot comparing leg VAS scores
between UBE and PEID groups. CI, confidence interval; IV, inverse
variance; VAS, visual analog scale; UBE, unilateral biportal
endoscopic; PEID, percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar
discectomy.

Figure 5

Forest plot comparing ODI scores
between UBE and PEID groups. CI, confidence interval; IV, inverse
variance; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; UBE, unilateral biportal
endoscopic; PEID, percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar
discectomy.

Figure 6

Forest plots comparing MacNab
excellent/good and complication rates. (A) MacNab excellent/good
and (B) complication rates. CI, confidence interval; M-H,
Mantel-Haenszel; UBE, unilateral biportal endoscopic; PEID,
percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy.

Figure 7

Funnel plots assessing publication
bias across (A) operative time, (B) blood loss, (C) fluoroscopy
frequency, (D) hospital stay, (E) MacNab excellent/good rate, (F)
complications, (G) back VAS score, (H) leg VAS score and (I) ODI
score outcomes. SE, standard error; MD, mean difference; OR, odds
ratio; VAS, Visual Analog Scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability
Index.

Figure 8

Forest plot stratified by
complication type. CI, confidence interval; IV, inverse variance;
M-H, Mantel-Haenszel; UBE, unilateral biportal endoscopic; PEID,
percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Gao Y, He F, Wen J, Qin S, Han P and Xu Y: <p>Efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopy vs. percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar approach in lumbar disc herniation: A meta‑analysis​</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 79, 2026.
APA
Gao, Y., He, F., Wen, J., Qin, S., Han, P., & Xu, Y. (2026). <p>Efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopy vs. percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar approach in lumbar disc herniation: A meta‑analysis​</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 79. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13074
MLA
Gao, Y., He, F., Wen, J., Qin, S., Han, P., Xu, Y."<p>Efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopy vs. percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar approach in lumbar disc herniation: A meta‑analysis​</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.3 (2026): 79.
Chicago
Gao, Y., He, F., Wen, J., Qin, S., Han, P., Xu, Y."<p>Efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopy vs. percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar approach in lumbar disc herniation: A meta‑analysis​</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 3 (2026): 79. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13074
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Gao Y, He F, Wen J, Qin S, Han P and Xu Y: <p>Efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopy vs. percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar approach in lumbar disc herniation: A meta‑analysis​</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 79, 2026.
APA
Gao, Y., He, F., Wen, J., Qin, S., Han, P., & Xu, Y. (2026). <p>Efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopy vs. percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar approach in lumbar disc herniation: A meta‑analysis​</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 79. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13074
MLA
Gao, Y., He, F., Wen, J., Qin, S., Han, P., Xu, Y."<p>Efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopy vs. percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar approach in lumbar disc herniation: A meta‑analysis​</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.3 (2026): 79.
Chicago
Gao, Y., He, F., Wen, J., Qin, S., Han, P., Xu, Y."<p>Efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopy vs. percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar approach in lumbar disc herniation: A meta‑analysis​</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 3 (2026): 79. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13074
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