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Review

Exploring the roots of schizophrenia: Current research and future directions (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Shuang Lv
    • Chunxia Luo
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou Kangning Hospital (The Psychiatric Hospital of Guangzhou Civil Administration Bureau), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510430, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 82
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    Published online on: January 28, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13078
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Abstract

Mental health holds critical global significance. However, mental illness remains insufficiently acknowledged worldwide. The prevalence and economic impact of mental disorders continue to rise, contributing notably to increased disability rates. Schizophrenia, with a global lifetime prevalence of ~0.4%, is a leading cause of disability. Currently, revealing the pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia, exploring early objective diagnosis and individualized treatment prediction indicators, and developing more effective treatment technologies are still hotspots in research. Several studies highlight schizophrenia as a severe, multifactorial disorder that directly disrupts brain function and profoundly impacts daily life. This review provides an overview of recent advances in schizophrenia research, summarising current research on the mechanisms of its pathogenesis; both genetic and environmental factors exert a significant influence on schizophrenia. Furthermore, investigations into animal models for schizophrenia research aim to establish more precise models, which will facilitate further exploration of the disease's pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches.

View Figures

Figure 1

Pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This
review mainly introduces three pathogeneses of schizophrenia,
including: Gene factors, environmental factors and environment-gene
interactions.
View References

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lv S and Luo C: <p>Exploring the roots of schizophrenia: Current research and future directions (Review)</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 82, 2026.
APA
Lv, S., & Luo, C. (2026). <p>Exploring the roots of schizophrenia: Current research and future directions (Review)</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 82. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13078
MLA
Lv, S., Luo, C."<p>Exploring the roots of schizophrenia: Current research and future directions (Review)</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.3 (2026): 82.
Chicago
Lv, S., Luo, C."<p>Exploring the roots of schizophrenia: Current research and future directions (Review)</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 3 (2026): 82. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13078
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lv S and Luo C: <p>Exploring the roots of schizophrenia: Current research and future directions (Review)</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 82, 2026.
APA
Lv, S., & Luo, C. (2026). <p>Exploring the roots of schizophrenia: Current research and future directions (Review)</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 82. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13078
MLA
Lv, S., Luo, C."<p>Exploring the roots of schizophrenia: Current research and future directions (Review)</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.3 (2026): 82.
Chicago
Lv, S., Luo, C."<p>Exploring the roots of schizophrenia: Current research and future directions (Review)</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 3 (2026): 82. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13078
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