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Review Open Access

Senescent hepatic stellate cells drive inflammation and disease progression in MASH (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Zhiqi Han
    • Yiran She
    • Di Wu
    • Nuo Zhang
    • Zheyuan Liu
    • Zhongyuan Wang
    • Xiaoying Zhou
    • Shuo Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 95
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    Published online on: February 4, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13090
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Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury and fibrosis, with the capacity to progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent evidence highlights cellular senescence, particularly in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) as a key regulator of MASH pathogenesis. Senescent HSCs exhibit a context‑dependent duality whereby, while transient senescence limits fibrosis through cell‑cycle arrest, matrix degradation and enhanced immune clearance, persistent senescence under chronic metabolic and inflammatory stress drives disease progression. Through an expanded senescence‑associated secretory phenotype (SASP), senescent HSCs exacerbate inflammation, promote extracellular matrix deposition, alter immune responses and facilitate malignant transformation. The present review summarizes the molecular mechanisms inducing HSC senescence, including lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired autophagy. The mechanisms by which SASP factors mediate crosstalk between senescent HSCs and other cell types are discussed, including hepatocytes, macrophages, T cells and natural killer cells, collectively altering the inflammatory and fibrotic microenvironment of MASH. Finally, emerging therapeutic strategies targeting cellular senescence are highlighted, such as senolytics, senomorphics and biomarker‑guided interventions, which may offer promising avenues for modifying the course of MASH and preventing disease progression.

View Figures

Figure 1

Diagram illustrating the destructive
effects of senescent HSCs. HSC, hepatic stellate cells; JAK, janus
kinase; SPAG9, sperm-associated antigen 9; suPAR, soluble
urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor; PDGF,
platelet-derived growth factor; CCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand-2;
CXCL, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand.

Figure 2

Diagram illustrating the
promotive/restrictive effect of senescent HSCs, with upstream
triggers shown in detail. HSC, hepatic stellate cells; MMP, matrix
metalloproteinases; CCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand-2; NK, natural
killer; DCA, deoxycholic acid; ECM, extracellular matrix.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Han Z, She Y, Wu D, Zhang N, Liu Z, Wang Z, Zhou X and Li S: <p>Senescent hepatic stellate cells drive inflammation and disease progression in MASH (Review)</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 95, 2026.
APA
Han, Z., She, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, N., Liu, Z., Wang, Z. ... Li, S. (2026). <p>Senescent hepatic stellate cells drive inflammation and disease progression in MASH (Review)</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 95. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13090
MLA
Han, Z., She, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, N., Liu, Z., Wang, Z., Zhou, X., Li, S."<p>Senescent hepatic stellate cells drive inflammation and disease progression in MASH (Review)</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.4 (2026): 95.
Chicago
Han, Z., She, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, N., Liu, Z., Wang, Z., Zhou, X., Li, S."<p>Senescent hepatic stellate cells drive inflammation and disease progression in MASH (Review)</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 4 (2026): 95. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13090
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Han Z, She Y, Wu D, Zhang N, Liu Z, Wang Z, Zhou X and Li S: <p>Senescent hepatic stellate cells drive inflammation and disease progression in MASH (Review)</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 95, 2026.
APA
Han, Z., She, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, N., Liu, Z., Wang, Z. ... Li, S. (2026). <p>Senescent hepatic stellate cells drive inflammation and disease progression in MASH (Review)</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 95. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13090
MLA
Han, Z., She, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, N., Liu, Z., Wang, Z., Zhou, X., Li, S."<p>Senescent hepatic stellate cells drive inflammation and disease progression in MASH (Review)</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.4 (2026): 95.
Chicago
Han, Z., She, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, N., Liu, Z., Wang, Z., Zhou, X., Li, S."<p>Senescent hepatic stellate cells drive inflammation and disease progression in MASH (Review)</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 4 (2026): 95. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13090
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