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Article Open Access

Wogonin as a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis: Core target identification and validation

  • Authors:
    • Yu Lu
    • Xiaomei Zhou
    • Yiyu Guo
    • Fengrui Zhang
    • Jirong Wang
    • Jinhong Ge
    • Yan Xiao
    • Dengke Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China, First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 98
    |
    Published online on: February 4, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13093
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Abstract

Wogonin exhibits therapeutic effects in various skin diseases. However, the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of wogonin against psoriasis remain unclear. In the present study, the potential targets of wogonin were predicted and disease‑related targets were obtained using Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Intersection targets were identified using Venny 2.1.0 software, followed by input into the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database to generate a drug‑target‑disease visual network using Cytoscape 3.10.1. Core targets were obtained by protein‑protein interaction analysis and the intersection targets were enriched through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. The binding of wogonin to its core targets was evaluated using molecular docking. Furthermore, a psoriasis mouse model was constructed to assess the therapeutic effect of wogonin on skin lesions, and core targets of wogonin were verified by immunohistochemistry, including cyclin‑D1 (CCND1), matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP9), cyclin‑B1, cyclin‑A2 (CCNA2), cyclin‑dependent kinase 1 and androgen receptor. Molecular docking analysis revealed interactions between wogonin and these targets. In vivo results demonstrated that wogonin alleviated psoriasis‑like lesions in the mouse model. Immunohistochemical and RNA sequencing analyses results suggested that MMP9, CCNA2 and CCND1 may be the key targets of wogonin in psoriasis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that wogonin may be a promising therapeutic candidate for psoriasis, potentially exerting its effects through the modulation of multiple molecular targets, including MMP9, CCNA2 and CCND1.

View Figures

Figure 1

Screening of wogonin-psoriasis
intersection targets and construction of the drug-target-disease
network. Volcano plots of DEGs in (A) GSE121212 and (B) GSE13355
datasets (adjusted P<0.05). Orange dots represent upregulated
genes, while blue dots represent downregulated genes. (C) Venn
diagram illustrating the intersecting DEGs from GSE121212 and
GSE13355 datasets. (D) Venn diagram of the 30 intersecting genes
between DEGs and wogonin target genes. (E) Drug-target-disease
network of wogonin targeting psoriasis. DEGs, differentially
expressed genes.

Figure 2

Construction of the PPI network and
identification of core target genes. (A) The PPI network of 30
intersection genes. The color depth indicates the degree value,
with darker colors representing higher degree values. (B) The top
10 genes based on MCC values. The color depth indicates the MCC
value, with darker colors representing higher MCC values. CCND1,
cyclin-D1; CCNA2, cyclin-A2; AR, androgen receptor; CCNE1,
cyclin-E1; CDK1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1; CCNE2, cyclin-E2;
TOP2A, DNA topoisomerase IIα; MCL1, induced myeloid leukemia cell
differentiation protein Mcl-1; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase-9;
CCNB1, cyclin-B1.

Figure 3

Results of GO and KEGG analysis. (A)
GO analysis results for BP, CC and MF. The vertical axis represents
the GO function name and the horizontal axis represents the
enrichment score. (B) Sankey diagram and dot plot representing KEGG
analysis results. GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of
Genes and Genomes; BP, biological process; CC, cellular component;
MF, molecular function.

Figure 4

Molecular docking results. (A)
Wogonin-matrix metalloproteinase-9, (B) wogonin- cyclin-D1, (C)
wogonin-cyclin-A2, (D) wogonin-cyclin-dependent kinase 1, (E)
wogonin- cyclin-B1 and (F) wogonin-androgen receptor. The values
represent the lengths of hydrogen bonds, and the amino acids refer
to the protein amino acid residues that have specific interactions
with the ligand molecules.

Figure 5

Wogonin intervention improves skin
damage in psoriasis mice. (A) Schematic diagram of the animal
experiment process. (B) Skin lesions of mice in each group after 0
and 7 days of treatment. (C) PASI scores of each group after 7 days
of treatment. (D) Comparison of epidermal thickness in mice across
groups. (E) H&E staining results (magnification, x100; scale
bar, 200 mm). *P<0.05 vs. control;
#P<0.05 vs. IMQ. IMQ, imiquimod; PASI, Psoriasis Area
and Severity Index.

Figure 6

Wogonin reverses the expression of
core proteins in psoriasis mice. (A) Representative image of
immunohistochemical results for each protein (magnification, x40).
(B) Histogram of relative expression levels for each protein.
*P<0.05 vs. control; #P<0.05 vs. IMQ.
IMQ, imiquimod; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; CCNA2, cyclin-A2;
CCND1, cyclin-D1; CDK1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1; CCNB1,
cyclin-B1; AR, androgen receptor.

Figure 7

RNA sequencing analysis of core
proteins in psoriasis mice. (A) Volcano plot of differentially
expressed genes between the IMQ group and the control group. (B)
Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between the wogonin
group and the IMQ group. (C) Log2 (FC) values and
adjusted P-values of the core targets. IMQ, imiquimod; FC, fold
change; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; CCND1, cyclin-D1; CCNB1,
cyclin-B1; CCNA2, cyclin-A2; CDK1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1; AR,
androgen receptor.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lu Y, Zhou X, Guo Y, Zhang F, Wang J, Ge J, Xiao Y and Yang D: <p>Wogonin as a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis: Core target identification and validation</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 98, 2026.
APA
Lu, Y., Zhou, X., Guo, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Ge, J. ... Yang, D. (2026). <p>Wogonin as a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis: Core target identification and validation</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 98. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13093
MLA
Lu, Y., Zhou, X., Guo, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Ge, J., Xiao, Y., Yang, D."<p>Wogonin as a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis: Core target identification and validation</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.4 (2026): 98.
Chicago
Lu, Y., Zhou, X., Guo, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Ge, J., Xiao, Y., Yang, D."<p>Wogonin as a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis: Core target identification and validation</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 4 (2026): 98. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13093
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lu Y, Zhou X, Guo Y, Zhang F, Wang J, Ge J, Xiao Y and Yang D: <p>Wogonin as a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis: Core target identification and validation</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 98, 2026.
APA
Lu, Y., Zhou, X., Guo, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Ge, J. ... Yang, D. (2026). <p>Wogonin as a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis: Core target identification and validation</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 98. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13093
MLA
Lu, Y., Zhou, X., Guo, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Ge, J., Xiao, Y., Yang, D."<p>Wogonin as a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis: Core target identification and validation</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.4 (2026): 98.
Chicago
Lu, Y., Zhou, X., Guo, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Ge, J., Xiao, Y., Yang, D."<p>Wogonin as a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis: Core target identification and validation</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 4 (2026): 98. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13093
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