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Case Report Open Access

Endodontic re‑treatment of the mandibular first molar with six root canals: A case report

  • Authors:
    • Chen Wang
    • Mengyu Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Qingyang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 104
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    Published online on: February 9, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13099
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Abstract

Root canal anatomy of the mandibular first molar typically encompasses 3‑4 canals. However, mandibular first molars may contain >4 root canals, emphasizing the need for heightened diligence among clinicians when conducting root canal therapy (RCT) on these teeth. Within the present case report, a 40‑year‑old Chinese female patient presented to The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu (Chengdu, China) in November 2023 with masticatory pain for 2 months in the lower right posterior region, after previous therapy at the People's Hospital of Wenjiang District (Sichuan, China) in July 2008. Examination using angulated radiographs and magnification instruments demonstrated six root canal systems in the mandibular first molar. Root canal re‑treatment was performed and follow‑up at 6 and 24 months was conducted following sealer extrusion. The patient was asymptomatic with decreased periapical radiolucency and area of extruded sealer. The present report highlights the importance of exploration and meticulous interpretation of canal morphology in the absence of advanced imaging techniques, also underscoring the efficient management of intricate root canal anatomy by conventional methods. By documenting this rare six‑canal structure, the present report augments anatomical knowledge of mandibular first molars and reminds clinicians to anticipate unexpected variations during RCT.
View Figures

Figure 1

Clinical and radiographic assessment
(November 2023). (A) Preoperative apical radiographs of teeth nos.
45 and 46. (B) Rubber dam isolation of teeth nos. 45 and 46. Dental
microscopic observation of three (C) mesial and (D) distal root
canal orifices of tooth no. 46 following preparation. ML,
mesiolingual; MM, Middle Mesial; MB, Mesiobuccal; DL, Distolingual;
MD, Middle Distal; DB, Distobuccal.

Figure 2

Post-obturation clinical and
radiographic assessment (November 2023). (A) Pulp chamber view of
three obturated (A) mesial and (B) distal root canals. (C)
Post-obturation periapical radiograph (straight orthogonal view)
taken in November 2023. Arrows indicate high-density filling
material extruding beyond the apex. (D) Post-obturation periapical
radiograph (mesio-oblique view).

Figure 3

Radiographic assessment at the 6-month
follow-up. Periapical radiograph showing the radiolucent area in
the furcation and periapical region decreased. The high-density
extruded filling material beyond the apex also decreased in tooth
no. 46. Arrows indicate the reduced periapical radiolucency and the
resorbing extruded filling material.

Figure 4

Radiographic assessment at the
24-month follow-up. (A) Straight orthogonal and (B) mesio-oblique
views of periapical radiographs of tooth no. 46.

Figure 5

Diagrammatic representations of the
root canal morphology. (A) Diagram of the location of the orifices
of the six canals. (B) Diagrammatic illustration of the mesial and
distal root canal configuration. MB, mesiobuccal; DB, distobuccal;
MM, middle mesial; MD, middle distal; ML, mesiolingual; DL,
distolingual.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang C and Liu M: Endodontic re‑treatment of the mandibular first molar with six root canals: A case report. Exp Ther Med 31: 104, 2026.
APA
Wang, C., & Liu, M. (2026). Endodontic re‑treatment of the mandibular first molar with six root canals: A case report. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13099
MLA
Wang, C., Liu, M."Endodontic re‑treatment of the mandibular first molar with six root canals: A case report". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.4 (2026): 104.
Chicago
Wang, C., Liu, M."Endodontic re‑treatment of the mandibular first molar with six root canals: A case report". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 4 (2026): 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13099
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang C and Liu M: Endodontic re‑treatment of the mandibular first molar with six root canals: A case report. Exp Ther Med 31: 104, 2026.
APA
Wang, C., & Liu, M. (2026). Endodontic re‑treatment of the mandibular first molar with six root canals: A case report. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13099
MLA
Wang, C., Liu, M."Endodontic re‑treatment of the mandibular first molar with six root canals: A case report". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.4 (2026): 104.
Chicago
Wang, C., Liu, M."Endodontic re‑treatment of the mandibular first molar with six root canals: A case report". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 4 (2026): 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13099
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