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Article

Deciphering the dynamics of the splenium: A comprehensive analysis of flair hyperintensity variations

  • Authors:
    • Ezel Yaltirik Bilgin
    • Özkan Ünal
    • Yasin Özdemir
    • Onur Şimşek
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Radiology, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06200, Turkey, Department of Radiology, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06200, Turkey
  • Article Number: 133
    |
    Published online on: March 9, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13128
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Abstract

The splenium of the corpus callosum plays a pivotal role in interhemispheric communication and undergoes various changes with ageing. The present study aimed to elucidate the age‑related variations in splenial fluid‑attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity, providing insights into the normal ageing process of the brain and enhancing the clinical interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In the present retrospective cohort study, cerebral MR imaging of 1,176 patients was analysed following application of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to isolate age and sex‑related changes and other factors that can affect splenium hyperintensity. The present study focused on measuring the thickness (anteroposterior) of splenial FLAIR hyperintensity, with interobserver agreement assessed to ensure measurement reliability. Statistical analyses, including the Mann‑Whitney U test for sex comparisons and the Kruskal‑Wallis test for age group comparisons, were employed to investigate the effects of age, sex, radiation therapy and Fazekas score on splenial FLAIR hyperintensity. The present study demonstrated a significant increase in the presence of splenial FLAIR hyperintensity and thickness (P<0.001; P=0.006) with advancing age, particularly in individuals >57 years of age. No significant differences were observed between male and female participants, suggesting that these age‑related changes were consistent across sex. Splenium hyperintensity thickness was significantly higher in the group that received radiation therapy and in the patient group with a Fazekas score of 3 (0.048, 0.018). Interobserver agreement was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess measurement consistency (ICC=0.977; P<0.001). The present study provides crucial insights into the age‑related dynamics of the splenium.
View Figures

Figure 1

Flow diagram of the study population.
A total of 1,176 patients were screened. After applying the
inclusion and exclusion criteria, 975 patients were included in the
final analysis. FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; TBI,
traumatic brain injury; WM, white matter.

Figure 2

Anteroposterior thickness of splenium
hyperintensity.

Figure 3

Scatter plot demonstrating the
relationship between age and splenial FLAIR hyperintensity
thickness (mm) in patients with visible hyperintensity (n=165).
Each point represents an individual measurement recorded as a
continuous variable in mm. Apparent clustering of points reflects
measurement precision and rounding (~0.5 mm increments), as well as
overlapping values in the visualization, rather than categorization
of the data. A small amount of jitter was applied to improve
visualization. A significant positive correlation was observed
between age and splenial hyperintensity thickness (Spearman
r=0.214; P=0.006).

Figure 4

Receiver operating characteristic
analysis.
View References

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Bilgin EY, Ünal Ö, Özdemir Y and Şimşek O: Deciphering the dynamics of the splenium: A comprehensive analysis of flair hyperintensity variations. Exp Ther Med 31: 133, 2026.
APA
Bilgin, E.Y., Ünal, Ö., Özdemir, Y., & Şimşek, O. (2026). Deciphering the dynamics of the splenium: A comprehensive analysis of flair hyperintensity variations. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 133. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13128
MLA
Bilgin, E. Y., Ünal, Ö., Özdemir, Y., Şimşek, O."Deciphering the dynamics of the splenium: A comprehensive analysis of flair hyperintensity variations". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.5 (2026): 133.
Chicago
Bilgin, E. Y., Ünal, Ö., Özdemir, Y., Şimşek, O."Deciphering the dynamics of the splenium: A comprehensive analysis of flair hyperintensity variations". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 5 (2026): 133. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13128
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Bilgin EY, Ünal Ö, Özdemir Y and Şimşek O: Deciphering the dynamics of the splenium: A comprehensive analysis of flair hyperintensity variations. Exp Ther Med 31: 133, 2026.
APA
Bilgin, E.Y., Ünal, Ö., Özdemir, Y., & Şimşek, O. (2026). Deciphering the dynamics of the splenium: A comprehensive analysis of flair hyperintensity variations. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 133. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13128
MLA
Bilgin, E. Y., Ünal, Ö., Özdemir, Y., Şimşek, O."Deciphering the dynamics of the splenium: A comprehensive analysis of flair hyperintensity variations". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.5 (2026): 133.
Chicago
Bilgin, E. Y., Ünal, Ö., Özdemir, Y., Şimşek, O."Deciphering the dynamics of the splenium: A comprehensive analysis of flair hyperintensity variations". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 5 (2026): 133. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13128
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