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International Journal of Functional Nutrition
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Review Open Access

A simple perspective of carbohydrates in food and nutrition (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Sheersha Pradhan
    • Vasudev Anbalagan
    • Jadi Venkatesh
    • Thangamuthu Mohan Das
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Chemistry, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Block, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
    Copyright: © Pradhan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 4
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    Published online on: June 8, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2026.56
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Abstract

Carbohydrates are considered as one of the three primary macronutrients in the realm of food and nutrition in the daily human diet. In addition to being a source of food, they encompass a vast category of natural products, along with synthetic bio‑mimics, which have found suitable applications in therapeutics and drug design. The present review discusses the importance of carbohydrates for a healthy diet, their sources from plants and animals, and their classification. Information on the biological and chemical changes in carbohydrates in the human body, as well as their therapeutic and drug‑design applications, is also provided. The present review provides a narrative review and perspective, integrating nutritional, biochemical and therapeutic perspectives on carbohydrates. The objective was to provide an updated, interdisciplinary overview that connects dietary carbohydrate intake with metabolic processes and emerging medicinal applications.
View Figures

Figure 1

Molecular structure of representative
monosaccharides (panels 1-3), disaccharides (panels 4-6) and
polysaccharides (panel 7).

Figure 2

Simple schematic representation of
glycolysis pathway. ADP, adenosine diphosphate; ATP, adenosine
triphosphate; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH,
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen.

Figure 3

Schematic representation of the Krebs
cycle. NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH, nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen; CoASH, coenzyme A; GTP, guanosine
triphosphate.

Figure 4

Molecular structures of
carbohydrate-based medicines: Monosaccharides (panels 8, 9 and 10),
disaccharides (panels 11, 12 and 13), tri-saccharides (panel 14),
oligosaccharides (panels 15 and 16), and polysaccharides (panels 17
and 18).

Figure 5

A general schematic representation of
AGA oligosaccharide synthesis workflow.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Pradhan S, Anbalagan V, Venkatesh J and Mohan Das T: A simple perspective of carbohydrates in food and nutrition (Review). Int J Funct Nutr 7: 4, 2026.
APA
Pradhan, S., Anbalagan, V., Venkatesh, J., & Mohan Das, T. (2026). A simple perspective of carbohydrates in food and nutrition (Review). International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 7, 4. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2026.56
MLA
Pradhan, S., Anbalagan, V., Venkatesh, J., Mohan Das, T."A simple perspective of carbohydrates in food and nutrition (Review)". International Journal of Functional Nutrition 7.1 (2026): 4.
Chicago
Pradhan, S., Anbalagan, V., Venkatesh, J., Mohan Das, T."A simple perspective of carbohydrates in food and nutrition (Review)". International Journal of Functional Nutrition 7, no. 1 (2026): 4. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2026.56
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Pradhan S, Anbalagan V, Venkatesh J and Mohan Das T: A simple perspective of carbohydrates in food and nutrition (Review). Int J Funct Nutr 7: 4, 2026.
APA
Pradhan, S., Anbalagan, V., Venkatesh, J., & Mohan Das, T. (2026). A simple perspective of carbohydrates in food and nutrition (Review). International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 7, 4. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2026.56
MLA
Pradhan, S., Anbalagan, V., Venkatesh, J., Mohan Das, T."A simple perspective of carbohydrates in food and nutrition (Review)". International Journal of Functional Nutrition 7.1 (2026): 4.
Chicago
Pradhan, S., Anbalagan, V., Venkatesh, J., Mohan Das, T."A simple perspective of carbohydrates in food and nutrition (Review)". International Journal of Functional Nutrition 7, no. 1 (2026): 4. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2026.56
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