Influence of stannous chloride on the adhesive properties of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains

Stannous ion, as a chloride salt, influenced on the survival and adhesive properties of two toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae of the sucrose-fermenting (241 strain) and non-sucrose-fermenting (CDC-E8392 strain) biotypes. Differences in survival fractions suggested differences in susceptibility of strains to bactericidal effect of stannous chloride (SnCl2). A number of 0.3% bacterial cells of 241 strain and 0.02% of CDC-E8392 strain survived after 220 µl ml−1 SnCl2 treatment. Results of polystyrene and spontaneous autoaggregation tests showed an increase in hydrophobicity of SnCl2 treated-bacteria. Spontaneous bacterial autoaggregation was induced in the presence of SnCl2. Stannous chloride also induced adherence to glass and totally inhibited the haemagglutinating activity of the non-sucrose-fermenting CDC-E8392 strain (original titer 32). Decrease in haemagglutination was dependent on SnCl2 concentration used. The presence of SnCl2 exerted differences in the expression of diphtheria bacilli surface carbohydrates possibly related with differences in degrees of haemagglutination and adherence to glass. Lectin-binding assays showed increase in the expression of cell surface receptors to the lectin Canavalia ensiformis (Con A) with affinity for mannose-like residues. The occurrence of cell filamentation suggests genotoxicity of SnCl2 to diphtheria bacilli. SnCl2 treatment was capable of modifying cell morphology, hydrophobins and adhesin expression, suggesting ability of C. diphtheriae to withstand oxidative stressing environment. Therefore, the SnCl2, widely used in nuclear medicine as reducing agent in the 99mTc-labelling process, may influence the outcome of bacterial infections.