Stimulation of collagen biosynthesis by flavonoid glycosides in skin fibroblasts of osteogenesis imperfecta type I and the potential mechanism of their action

The aim of the present study was to identify bioactive compounds stimulating collagen biosynthesis with potential for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type I pharmacological therapy. Of the compounds tested, apigenin glycosides 7-O-glucuronide, 7-O-methylglucuronide and pectolinarin at 30 µM were found to significantly induce collagen type I synthesis in OI fibroblasts without an effect on the overall protein synthesis. None of the compounds displayed any toxicity at that concentration. Secretion of collagen into media was not affected by apigenin 7-O-glucuronide and was slightly increased in cells treated with apigenin 7-O-methylglucuronide and pectolinarin. Furthermore, procollagen secreted by treated cells underwent a more rapid processing into collagen as compared with control untreated cells. In addition, we elucidated the possible mechanism involved in their action. Stimulation of collagen biosynthesis was not due to an increase in cell proliferation, because no differences in DNA content between the compound-treated and untreated cells were observed. Since flavonoids are known as strong inhibitors of metalloproteinases degrading matrix proteins, the increased level of collagen could result from the inhibition of their activity. However, the compounds with a stimulatory effect on collagen synthesis did not influence the activities of collagenase type I, gelatinases A and B, and stromelysin. On the contrary, all compounds stimulated the activity of prolidase which catalyzes the final step of collagen degradation and plays an important role in collagen biosynthesis. Stimulation of collagen synthesis and prolidase activity by apigenin 7-O-glucuronide was accompanied by an increase in IGF-I receptor expression. In contrast, the compounds apigenin 7-O-methylglucuronide and pectolinarin which normalized collagen synthesis in OI cells may exert their effects through β1-integrin-mediated signaling.