Losartan inhibits conventional dendritic cell maturation and Th1 and Th17 polarization responses: Νovel mechanisms of preventive effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) remains one of major causes of morbidity and mortality in intensive care medicine. The lack of efficient pharmacological interventions contributes to the high mortality rate of ALI. Losartan, an antagonist of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor, is a potent therapeutic drug for ALI. Recent reports suggest that losartan inhibits the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), impairs T-helper (Th) 1 immune response and ultimately attenuates inflammation in several Ang II-mediated inflammatory diseases. However, the possible protective mechanisms of losartan in ALI remain poorly understood. This study was aimed to define the effect of losartan on the frequency and phenotype of respiratory conventional DCs (cDCs) and Th cells polarization in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice. Results demonstrate that early after induction of LPS-induced ALI, cDCs expressing modest amounts of CD80 rapidly accumulated in the lungs. In addition, polarized Th1 and Th17 responses were markedly increased in LPS-induced ALI mice at 24 and 48 h. Of note, losartan led to inhibition of respiratory cDCs maturation at 6 h and suppressed Th1 and Th17 polarization responses compared with ALI mice at 24 and 48 h. Collectively, our findings may provide a novel and, at least, partial explanation for the protective effects by which losartan inhibits lung cDCs maturation and suppresses Th1 and Th17 immune responses.