Millimeter wave treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation via G1/S cell cycle transition

  • Authors:
    • Xihai Li
    • Hongzhi Ye
    • Fangrong Yu
    • Liangliang Cai
    • Huiting Li
    • Jiashou Chen
    • Mingxia Wu
    • Wenlie Chen
    • Ruhui Lin
    • Zuanfang Li
    • Chunsong Zheng
    • Huifeng Xu
    • Guangwen Wu
    • Xianxiang Liu
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 16, 2012     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2012.919
  • Pages: 823-831
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Abstract

Millimeter waves, high-frequency electromagnetic waves, can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms in osteoarthritis patients, as a non-pharmaceutical and non-invasive physical therapy regimen. However, the molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of millimeter wave treatment are not well understood. In the present study, the effect of millimeter waves on the G1/S cell cycle progression in chondrocytes and the underlying mecha­nism was investigated. Chondrocytes isolated from the knee of SD rats were cultured and identified using toluidine blue staining. The second generation chondrocytes were collected and stimulated with or without millimeter waves for 48 h. Chondrocyte viability was analyzed using the MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution of chondrocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6) and p21 were detected using real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Millimeter wave stimulation was found to significantly enhance chondrocyte viability. Moreover, the percentage of chondrocytes in the G0/G1 phase was significantly decreased, whereas that in the S phase was significantly increased. In addition, following millimeter wave treatment, cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 expression was significantly upregulated, whereas p21 expression was significantly downregulated. The results indicate that millimeter wave treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation via cell cycle progression.

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May 2012
Volume 29 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Li X, Ye H, Yu F, Cai L, Li H, Chen J, Wu M, Chen W, Lin R, Li Z, Li Z, et al: Millimeter wave treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation via G1/S cell cycle transition. Int J Mol Med 29: 823-831, 2012
APA
Li, X., Ye, H., Yu, F., Cai, L., Li, H., Chen, J. ... Liu, X. (2012). Millimeter wave treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation via G1/S cell cycle transition. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 29, 823-831. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2012.919
MLA
Li, X., Ye, H., Yu, F., Cai, L., Li, H., Chen, J., Wu, M., Chen, W., Lin, R., Li, Z., Zheng, C., Xu, H., Wu, G., Liu, X."Millimeter wave treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation via G1/S cell cycle transition". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 29.5 (2012): 823-831.
Chicago
Li, X., Ye, H., Yu, F., Cai, L., Li, H., Chen, J., Wu, M., Chen, W., Lin, R., Li, Z., Zheng, C., Xu, H., Wu, G., Liu, X."Millimeter wave treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation via G1/S cell cycle transition". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 29, no. 5 (2012): 823-831. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2012.919