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International Journal of Molecular Medicine
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March 2013 Volume 31 Issue 3

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Article

Thrombin-induced TGF-β1 pathway: A cause of communicating hydrocephalus post subarachnoid hemorrhage

  • Authors:
    • Tong Li
    • Peng Zhang
    • Bin Yuan
    • Dongliang Zhao
    • Yueqin Chen
    • Xinzhong Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China, Institute of Inflammation and Immune Disease, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
  • Pages: 660-666
    |
    Published online on: January 22, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1253
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Abstract

The mechanism of communicating hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains unclear. Revealing a signaling cascade may provide significant insights into the molecular etiology of the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cerebral compartments during SAH. To investigate the mechanism of the communicating hydrocephalus following SAH, we infused CSF with thrombin (TH), resulting in proinflammatory and proliferative responses in rat meninges of SAH. The effect of TH could be completely blocked by a transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) inhibitor, SB-431542, suggesting that TH-stimulated proliferation of meninges is through the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. The cascade of TGF β1-Smad3 was significantly upregulated by TH, which, in turn, stimulated the proliferation of subarachnoid meninges. TH-induced overexpression of TGF-β1 and activation of its downstream factors might be a mechanism of communicating hydrocephalus after SAH.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li T, Zhang P, Yuan B, Zhao D, Chen Y and Zhang X: Thrombin-induced TGF-β1 pathway: A cause of communicating hydrocephalus post subarachnoid hemorrhage. Int J Mol Med 31: 660-666, 2013.
APA
Li, T., Zhang, P., Yuan, B., Zhao, D., Chen, Y., & Zhang, X. (2013). Thrombin-induced TGF-β1 pathway: A cause of communicating hydrocephalus post subarachnoid hemorrhage. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 31, 660-666. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1253
MLA
Li, T., Zhang, P., Yuan, B., Zhao, D., Chen, Y., Zhang, X."Thrombin-induced TGF-β1 pathway: A cause of communicating hydrocephalus post subarachnoid hemorrhage". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31.3 (2013): 660-666.
Chicago
Li, T., Zhang, P., Yuan, B., Zhao, D., Chen, Y., Zhang, X."Thrombin-induced TGF-β1 pathway: A cause of communicating hydrocephalus post subarachnoid hemorrhage". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31, no. 3 (2013): 660-666. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1253
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li T, Zhang P, Yuan B, Zhao D, Chen Y and Zhang X: Thrombin-induced TGF-β1 pathway: A cause of communicating hydrocephalus post subarachnoid hemorrhage. Int J Mol Med 31: 660-666, 2013.
APA
Li, T., Zhang, P., Yuan, B., Zhao, D., Chen, Y., & Zhang, X. (2013). Thrombin-induced TGF-β1 pathway: A cause of communicating hydrocephalus post subarachnoid hemorrhage. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 31, 660-666. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1253
MLA
Li, T., Zhang, P., Yuan, B., Zhao, D., Chen, Y., Zhang, X."Thrombin-induced TGF-β1 pathway: A cause of communicating hydrocephalus post subarachnoid hemorrhage". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31.3 (2013): 660-666.
Chicago
Li, T., Zhang, P., Yuan, B., Zhao, D., Chen, Y., Zhang, X."Thrombin-induced TGF-β1 pathway: A cause of communicating hydrocephalus post subarachnoid hemorrhage". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31, no. 3 (2013): 660-666. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1253
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