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Article

mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) induces apoptotic, not autophagic cell death, in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Yuchen Cai
    • Qing Xia
    • Quanguan Su
    • Rongzhen Luo
    • Yueli Sun
    • Yanxia Shi
    • Wenqi Jiang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
  • Pages: 904-912
    |
    Published online on: February 21, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1282
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Abstract

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase and a key element in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Moreover, it is a negative regulator of autophagy and acts as a central regulator in cell growth. For the treatment of cancer, mTOR is a novel and validated therapeutic target. Previous studies have shown that Akt is frequently activated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues; thus, the inhibition of mTOR may be a treatment strategy for this tumor type. To evaluate the effect of the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 on NPC cell lines, we performed 4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate (WST-1) assays, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, western blotting and flow cytometry to evaluate the mechanisms of cell death. The growth of both CNE-1 and HONE-1 cells was inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent manner. CNE-1 was more sensitive, with a 50% growth inhibition (GI50) of 30.0±1.0 µM compared to HONE-1, cells which had a GI50 of 56.9±13.1 µM. RAD001 induced apoptosis and autophagy in both cell lines. RAD001 induced a significant increase in growth inhibition in the two cell lines when used in combination with the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine; however, the percentages of apoptotic cells decreased when RAD001 was combined with the caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. In conclusion, the main mechanism of the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 in these two NPC cells was apoptotic, not autophagic cell death. The combination of RAD001 with autophagy inhibitors may be a useful therapeutic strategy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Cai Y, Xia Q, Su Q, Luo R, Sun Y, Shi Y and Jiang W: mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) induces apoptotic, not autophagic cell death, in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells . Int J Mol Med 31: 904-912, 2013.
APA
Cai, Y., Xia, Q., Su, Q., Luo, R., Sun, Y., Shi, Y., & Jiang, W. (2013). mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) induces apoptotic, not autophagic cell death, in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells . International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 31, 904-912. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1282
MLA
Cai, Y., Xia, Q., Su, Q., Luo, R., Sun, Y., Shi, Y., Jiang, W."mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) induces apoptotic, not autophagic cell death, in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells ". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31.4 (2013): 904-912.
Chicago
Cai, Y., Xia, Q., Su, Q., Luo, R., Sun, Y., Shi, Y., Jiang, W."mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) induces apoptotic, not autophagic cell death, in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells ". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31, no. 4 (2013): 904-912. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1282
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Cai Y, Xia Q, Su Q, Luo R, Sun Y, Shi Y and Jiang W: mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) induces apoptotic, not autophagic cell death, in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells . Int J Mol Med 31: 904-912, 2013.
APA
Cai, Y., Xia, Q., Su, Q., Luo, R., Sun, Y., Shi, Y., & Jiang, W. (2013). mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) induces apoptotic, not autophagic cell death, in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells . International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 31, 904-912. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1282
MLA
Cai, Y., Xia, Q., Su, Q., Luo, R., Sun, Y., Shi, Y., Jiang, W."mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) induces apoptotic, not autophagic cell death, in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells ". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31.4 (2013): 904-912.
Chicago
Cai, Y., Xia, Q., Su, Q., Luo, R., Sun, Y., Shi, Y., Jiang, W."mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) induces apoptotic, not autophagic cell death, in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells ". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31, no. 4 (2013): 904-912. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1282
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