Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
November 2013 Volume 32 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November 2013 Volume 32 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Analysis of microRNA expression profile by small RNA sequencing in Down syndrome fetuses

  • Authors:
    • Yong Xu
    • Wuxian Li
    • Xueyan Liu
    • Hualin Ma
    • Zhiguang Tu
    • Yong Dai
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Clinical Medical Research Center, Pingshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chongqing 400013, P.R. China, Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education Ministry, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1115-1125
    |
    Published online on: September 18, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1499
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and is associated with numerous deleterious phenotypes, including cognitive impairment, childhood leukemia and immune defects. Five Hsa21‑derived microRNAs (i.e., hsa-miR-99a, let-7c, miR-125b-2, miR-155 and miR-802) are involved in variable phenotypes of DS. However, the changes involved in the genome-wide microRNA expression of DS fetuses under the influence of trisomy 21 have yet to be determined. To investigate the expression characteristic of microRNAs during the development of DS fetuses and identify whether another microRNA gene resides in the Hsa21, Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to comprehensively characterize the microRNA expression profiles of the DS and normal fetal cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs). In total, 149 of 395 identified microRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (fold change >2.0 and P<0.001) and 2 of 181 candidate novel microRNAs were identified as residing within the ̔DS critical region̓ of human chromosome 21 (chr21q22.2‑22.3). Additionally, 7 of 14 Hsa21-derived microRNAs were detected, although not all seven were overexpressed in DS CBMCs compared with the control. Gene ontology enrichment analyses revealed that a set of abnormally expressed microRNAs were involved in the regulation of transcription, gene expression, cellular biosynthetic process and nucleic acid metabolic process. Significantly, most of the mRNA targets in these categories were associated with immune modulation (i.e., SOD1, MXD4, PBX1, BCLAF1 and FOXO1). Findings of the present study provided a considerable insight into understanding the expression characteristic of microRNAs in the DS fetal CBMCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine genome-wide microRNA expression profiles in the DS fetus. Differentially expressed microRNAs may be involved in hemopoietic abnormalities and the immune defects of DS fetuses and newborns.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Elton TS, Sansom SE and Martin MM: Trisomy-21 gene dosage over-expression of miRNAs results in the haploinsufficiency of specific target proteins. RNA Biol. 7:540–547. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Kozomara A and Griffiths-Jones S: miRBase: integrating microRNA annotation and deep-sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res. 39:D152–157. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Kuhn DE, Nuovo GJ, Martin MM, et al: Human chromosome 21-derived miRNAs are overexpressed in down syndrome brains and hearts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 370:473–477. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Kuhn DE, Nuovo GJ, Terry AV Jr, et al: Chromosome 21-derived microRNAs provide an etiological basis for aberrant protein expression in human Down syndrome brains. J Biol Chem. 285:1529–1543. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Sethupathy P, Borel C, Gagnebin M, et al: Human microRNA-155 on chromosome 21 differentially interacts with its polymorphic target in the AGTR1 3′ untranslated region: a mechanism for functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to phenotypes. Am J Hum Genet. 81:405–413. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Lewis BP, Burge CB and Bartel DP: Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets. Cell. 120:15–20. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Cheng AM, Byrom MW, Shelton J and Ford LP: Antisense inhibition of human miRNAs and indications for an involvement of miRNA in cell growth and apoptosis. Nucleic Acids Res. 33:1290–1297. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Chen CZ, Li L, Lodish HF and Bartel DP: MicroRNAs modulate hematopoietic lineage differentiation. Science. 303:83–86. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Vaz C, Ahmad HM, Sharma P, et al: Analysis of microRNA transcriptome by deep sequencing of small RNA libraries of peripheral blood. BMC Genomics. 11:2882010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bartel DP: MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell. 116:281–297. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Bandiera S, Hatem E, Lyonnet S and Henrion-Caude A: microRNAs in diseases: from candidate to modifier genes. Clin Genet. 77:306–313. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Havelange V and Garzon R: MicroRNAs: emerging key regulators of hematopoiesis. Am J Hematol. 85:935–942. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Szulwach KE, Jin P and Alisch RS: Noncoding RNAs in mental retardation. Clin Genet. 75:209–219. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

O'Connell RM, Rao DS, Chaudhuri AA, et al: Sustained expression of microRNA-155 in hematopoietic stem cells causes a myeloproliferative disorder. J Exp Med. 205:585–594. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Malinge S, Izraeli S and Crispino JD: Insights into the manifestations, outcomes, and mechanisms of leukemogenesis in Down syndrome. Blood. 113:2619–2628. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Ozen M, Creighton CJ, Ozdemir M and Ittmann M: Widespread deregulation of microRNA expression in human prostate cancer. Oncogene. 27:1788–1793. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Nagayama K, Kohno T, Sato M, Arai Y, Minna JD and Yokota J: Homozygous deletion scanning of the lung cancer genome at a 100-kb resolution. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 46:1000–1010. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Calin GA, Sevignani C, Dumitru CD, et al: Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101:2999–3004. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Creighton CJ, Reid JG and Gunaratne PH: Expression profiling of microRNAs by deep sequencing. Brief Bioinform. 10:490–497. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Li R, Yu C, Li Y, et al: SOAP2: an improved ultrafast tool for short read alignment. Bioinformatics. 25:1966–1967. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Anders S and Huber W: Differential expression analysis for sequence count data. Genome Biol. 11:R1062010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Xu G, Wu J, Zhou L, et al: Characterization of the small RNA transcriptomes of androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cell line by deep sequencing. PLoS One. 5:e155192010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Chen X, Li Q, Wang J, et al: Identification and characterization of novel amphioxus microRNAs by Solexa sequencing. Genome Biol. 10:R782009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

An J, Lai J, Lehman ML and Nelson CC: miRDeep*: an integrated application tool for miRNA identification from RNA sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res. 41:727–737. 2013.

25 

Castillo-Davis CI and Hartl DL: GeneMerge-post-genomic analysis, data mining, and hypothesis testing. Bioinformatics. 19:891–892. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Schulman BR, Esquela-Kerscher A and Slack FJ: Reciprocal expression of lin-41 and the microRNAs let-7 and mir-125 during mouse embryogenesis. Dev Dyn. 234:1046–1054. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Wulczyn FG, Smirnova L, Rybak A, et al: Post-transcriptional regulation of the let-7 microRNA during neural cell specification. FASEB J. 21:415–426. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Morin RD, O'Connor MD, Griffith M, et al: Application of massively parallel sequencing to microRNA profiling and discovery in human embryonic stem cells. Genome Res. 18:610–621. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Patterson D: Molecular genetic analysis of Down syndrome. Hum Genet. 126:195–214. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Li CM, Guo M, Salas M, et al: Cell type-specific over-expression of chromosome 21 genes in fibroblasts and fetal hearts with trisomy 21. BMC Med Genet. 7:242006.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Prandini P, Deutsch S, Lyle R, et al: Natural gene-expression variation in Down syndrome modulates the outcome of gene-dosage imbalance. Am J Hum Genet. 81:252–263. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Velu CS, Baktula AM and Grimes HL: Gfi1 regulates miR-21 and miR-196b to control myelopoiesis. Blood. 113:4720–4728. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Gracias DT and Katsikis PD: MicroRNAs: key components of immune regulation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 780:15–26. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Lu LF and Liston A: MicroRNA in the immune system, microRNA as an immune system. Immunology. 127:291–298. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Rodriguez A, Vigorito E, Clare S, et al: Requirement of bic/microRNA-155 for normal immune function. Science. 316:608–611. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Fernando TR, Rodriguez-Malave NI and Rao DS: MicroRNAs in B cell development and malignancy. J Hematol Oncol. 5:72012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Gururajan M, Haga CL, Das S, et al: MicroRNA 125b inhibition of B cell differentiation in germinal centers. Int Immunol. 22:583–592. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Banerjee R, Mosley RL, Reynolds AD, et al: Adaptive immune neuroprotection in G93A-SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. PLoS One. 3:e27402008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Vasilevsky NA, Ruby CE, Hurlin PJ and Weinberg AD: OX40 engagement stabilizes Mxd4 and Mnt protein levels in antigen-stimulated T cells leading to an increase in cell survival. Eur J Immunol. 41:1024–1034. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Ficara F, Murphy MJ, Lin M and Cleary ML: Pbx1 regulates self-renewal of long-term hematopoietic stem cells by maintaining their quiescence. Cell Stem Cell. 2:484–496. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

McPherson JP, Sarras H, Lemmers B, et al: Essential role for Bclaf1 in lung development and immune system function. Cell Death Differ. 16:331–339. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Sarras H, Alizadeh Azami S and McPherson JP: In search of a function for BCLAF1. Scientific World Journal. 10:1450–1461. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Dejean AS, Hedrick SM and Kerdiles YM: Highly specialized role of Forkhead box O transcription factors in the immune system. Antioxid Redox Signal. 14:663–674. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Ouyang W, Beckett O, Flavell RA and Li MO: An essential role of the Forkhead-box transcription factor Foxo1 in control of T cell homeostasis and tolerance. Immunity. 30:358–371. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Dengler HS, Baracho GV, Omori SA, et al: Distinct functions for the transcription factor Foxo1 at various stages of B cell differentiation. Nat Immunol. 9:1388–1398. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

de Hingh YC, van der Vossen PW, Gemen EF, et al: Intrinsic abnormalities of lymphocyte counts in children with Down syndrome. J Pediat. 147:744–747. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

47 

Ram G and Chinen J: Infections and immunodeficiency in Down syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 164:9–16. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Lee J, Duan W and Mattson MP: Evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for basal neurogenesis and mediates, in part, the enhancement of neurogenesis by dietary restriction in the hippocampus of adult mice. J Neurochem. 82:1367–1375. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Zuccotti P, Barbieri A, Colombrita C, et al: Identification of post-transcriptional regulatory elements in CDK5R1 3′UTR gene involved in CNS development and functioning. Eur J Hum Genet. 19:3542011.

50 

Holler CJ, Webb RL, Laux AL, et al: BACE2 expression increases in human neurodegenerative disease. Am J Pathol. 180:337–350. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Webb RL and Murphy MP: β-Secretases, Alzheimer's disease, and Down syndrome. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2012:3628392012.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu Y, Li W, Liu X, Ma H, Tu Z and Dai Y: Analysis of microRNA expression profile by small RNA sequencing in Down syndrome fetuses. Int J Mol Med 32: 1115-1125, 2013.
APA
Xu, Y., Li, W., Liu, X., Ma, H., Tu, Z., & Dai, Y. (2013). Analysis of microRNA expression profile by small RNA sequencing in Down syndrome fetuses. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 32, 1115-1125. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1499
MLA
Xu, Y., Li, W., Liu, X., Ma, H., Tu, Z., Dai, Y."Analysis of microRNA expression profile by small RNA sequencing in Down syndrome fetuses". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 32.5 (2013): 1115-1125.
Chicago
Xu, Y., Li, W., Liu, X., Ma, H., Tu, Z., Dai, Y."Analysis of microRNA expression profile by small RNA sequencing in Down syndrome fetuses". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 32, no. 5 (2013): 1115-1125. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1499
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu Y, Li W, Liu X, Ma H, Tu Z and Dai Y: Analysis of microRNA expression profile by small RNA sequencing in Down syndrome fetuses. Int J Mol Med 32: 1115-1125, 2013.
APA
Xu, Y., Li, W., Liu, X., Ma, H., Tu, Z., & Dai, Y. (2013). Analysis of microRNA expression profile by small RNA sequencing in Down syndrome fetuses. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 32, 1115-1125. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1499
MLA
Xu, Y., Li, W., Liu, X., Ma, H., Tu, Z., Dai, Y."Analysis of microRNA expression profile by small RNA sequencing in Down syndrome fetuses". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 32.5 (2013): 1115-1125.
Chicago
Xu, Y., Li, W., Liu, X., Ma, H., Tu, Z., Dai, Y."Analysis of microRNA expression profile by small RNA sequencing in Down syndrome fetuses". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 32, no. 5 (2013): 1115-1125. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1499
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team