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December 2013 Volume 32 Issue 6

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Article

Low doses of ionizing radiation induce immune-stimulatory responses in isolated human primary monocytes

  • Authors:
    • Houssein El-Saghire
    • Arlette Michaux
    • Hubert Thierens
    • Sarah Baatout
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK‑CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
  • Pages: 1407-1414
    |
    Published online on: September 30, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1514
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Abstract

The health effects arising from exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation are of particular concern, mainly due to the increased application of diagnostic and therapeutic X-ray modalities. The mechanisms behind the cell and tissue responses to low doses remain to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that low doses of ionizing radiation induce activation of the immune response; however, the processes involved have yet to be adequately investigated. Monocytes are key players in the induction of an immune response. Within the context of this study, we investigated the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), mitogen‑activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB signaling in isolated human primary monocytes in response to low doses (0.05 and 0.1 Gy) and a high dose (1 Gy) of ionizing radiation. Using quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA techniques, our results showed a positive regulation of TLR signaling in response to low doses but a less significant response at high doses. This activation was demonstrated via the activation of TLR signaling molecules (HMGB1, TLR4, TLR9, MyD88 and IRAK1). Furthermore, and in contrast to the high dose, the low doses showed increased phosphorylation levels of the protein IκBα, and therefore positive signaling of the NF-κB pathway. This result denotes pro-survival and pro-inflammatory responses. Additionally, MAPKs were activated in response to 0.05 Gy, while 0.1 and 1 Gy showed a downregulatory trend that may be related to activation of the PF4 gene. On the other hand, there was highly significant involvement of activated p53 and damaged genes in response to high but not low doses. In conclusion, this study addressed the need to re-evaluate health risks arising from exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation, particularly in view of the accumulating evidence reporting inflammatory and oncogenic consequences from these exposures.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
El-Saghire H, Michaux A, Thierens H and Baatout S: Low doses of ionizing radiation induce immune-stimulatory responses in isolated human primary monocytes. Int J Mol Med 32: 1407-1414, 2013.
APA
El-Saghire, H., Michaux, A., Thierens, H., & Baatout, S. (2013). Low doses of ionizing radiation induce immune-stimulatory responses in isolated human primary monocytes. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 32, 1407-1414. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1514
MLA
El-Saghire, H., Michaux, A., Thierens, H., Baatout, S."Low doses of ionizing radiation induce immune-stimulatory responses in isolated human primary monocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 32.6 (2013): 1407-1414.
Chicago
El-Saghire, H., Michaux, A., Thierens, H., Baatout, S."Low doses of ionizing radiation induce immune-stimulatory responses in isolated human primary monocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 32, no. 6 (2013): 1407-1414. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1514
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
El-Saghire H, Michaux A, Thierens H and Baatout S: Low doses of ionizing radiation induce immune-stimulatory responses in isolated human primary monocytes. Int J Mol Med 32: 1407-1414, 2013.
APA
El-Saghire, H., Michaux, A., Thierens, H., & Baatout, S. (2013). Low doses of ionizing radiation induce immune-stimulatory responses in isolated human primary monocytes. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 32, 1407-1414. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1514
MLA
El-Saghire, H., Michaux, A., Thierens, H., Baatout, S."Low doses of ionizing radiation induce immune-stimulatory responses in isolated human primary monocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 32.6 (2013): 1407-1414.
Chicago
El-Saghire, H., Michaux, A., Thierens, H., Baatout, S."Low doses of ionizing radiation induce immune-stimulatory responses in isolated human primary monocytes". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 32, no. 6 (2013): 1407-1414. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1514
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