Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
July-2014 Volume 34 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2014 Volume 34 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

The combinatory effects of PPAR-γ agonist and survivin inhibition on the cancer stem-like phenotype and cell proliferation in bladder cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Yang Wang
    • Hailin Tan
    • Dongxu Xu
    • Aihui Ma
    • Li Zhang
    • Jiabin Sun
    • Zhaojuan Yang
    • Yongzhong Liu
    • Guowei Shi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, Shanghai No. 5 People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, P.R. China
  • Pages: 262-268
    |
    Published online on: May 8, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1774
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Strategies for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation or survivin inhibition have potential for cancer therapy. However, whether the combination of these two approaches can be developed as a rational regimen with enhanced efficiency in the inhibition of tumor cells remains to be determined. In this study, the combinatory effect of PPAR-γ agonist and survivin inhibition on bladder cancer cells was investigated. T24 and 5637 cells were treated with 15d-PGJ2 to determine whether 15d-PGJ2 had an inhibitory effect. Cell viability and proliferation were analyzed and efficiency of survivin siRNAs was assessed using western blot analysis. The results showed that, in the human bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637, the natural PPAR-γ ligand 15d-PGJ2 significantly decreased cell proliferation and loci formation. The increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells was observed in the cells 48 h after 15d-PGJ2 treatment. Furthermore, 15d-PGJ2 substantially inhibited the levels of stemness-related genes in these cells. The ability of sphere formation was markedly suppressed in the cells treated with 15d-PGJ2. More importantly, the downregulation of survivin with siRNAs significantly enhanced the 15d-PGJ2-mediated induction of cell apoptosis and inhibition of sphere formation. Accordingly, we also found that survivin inhibition significantly enhanced 15d-PGJ2-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bladder cancer cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that the combination of 15d-PGJ2 and survivin inhibition play a potentially role in the therapeutical manipulation of bladder cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Ploeg M, Aben KK and Kiemeney LA: The present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world. World J Urol. 27:289–293. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Basile KJ and Aplin AE: Resistance to chemotherapy: short-term drug tolerance and stem cell-like subpopulations. Adv Pharmacol. 65:315–314. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Michalik L, Desvergne B and Wahli W: Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors and cancers: complex stories. Nat Rev Cancer. 4:61–70. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Sarraf P, Mueller E, Jones D, et al: Differentiation and reversal of malignant changes in colon cancer through PPARgamma. Nat Med. 4:1046–1052. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Chang TH and Szabo E: Induction of differentiation and apoptosis by ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 60:1129–1138. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Keshamouni VG, Reddy RC, Arenberg DA, et al: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation inhibits tumor progression in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene. 23:100–108. 2004.

7 

Chen YC, Shen SC and Tsai SH: Prostaglandin D(2) and J(2) induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells via activation of the caspase 3 cascade and production of reactive oxygen species. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1743:291–304. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Ray DM, Akbiyik F and Phipps RP: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and ciglitazone induce human B lymphocyte and B cell lymphoma apoptosis by PPARgamma-independent mechanisms. J Immunol. 177:5068–5076. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Girnun GD, Naseri E, Vafai SB, et al: Synergy between PPARgamma ligands and platinum-based drugs in cancer. Cancer Cell. 11:395–406. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Mansure JJ, Nassim R, Chevalier S, et al: A novel mechanism of PPARγ induction via EGFR signalling constitutes rational for combination therapy in bladder cancer. PLoS One. 8:e559972013.

11 

Liu L, Yang Z, Xu Y, et al: Inhibition of oxidative stress-elicited AKT activation facilitates PPARγ agonist-mediated inhibition of stem cell character and tumor growth of liver cancer cells. PLoS One. 8:e730382013.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Hanahan D and Weinberg RA: Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 144:646–674. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Margulis V, Lotan Y and Shariat SF: Survivin: a promising biomarker for detection and prognosis of bladder cancer. World J Urol. 26:59–65. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Shariat SF, Ashfaq R, Karakiewicz PI, et al: Survivin expression is associated with bladder cancer presence, stage, progression, and mortality. Cancer. 109:1106–1113. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Akhtar M, Gallagher L and Rohan S: Survivin: role in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of bladder cancer. Adv Anat Pathol. 13:122–126. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Atlasi Y, Mowla SJ and Ziaee SA: Differential expression of survivin and its splice variants, survivin-DeltaEx3 and survivin-2B, in bladder cancer. Cancer Detect Prev. 32:308–313. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Chen X, Wang T, Yang D, et al: Expression of the IAP protein family acts cooperatively to predict prognosis in human bladder cancer patients. Oncol Lett. 5:1278–1284. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Lee N, Oh J, Ban J, et al: 4-O-methylhonokiol, a PPARγ agonist, inhibits prostate tumour growth: p21-mediated suppression of NF-κB activity. Br J Pharmacol. 168:1133–1145. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Smallridge RC, Copland JA, Brose MS, et al: Efatutazone, an oral PPAR-γ agonist, in combination with paclitaxel in anaplastic thyroid cancer: results of a multicenter phase 1 trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 98:2392–2400. 2013.

20 

Ban JO, Oh JH, Son SM, et al: Troglitazone, a PPAR agonist, inhibits human prostate cancer cell growth through inactivation of NFκB via suppression of GSK-3β expression. Cancer Biol Ther. 12:288–296. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Charytonowicz E, Terry M, Coakley K, et al: PPARγ agonists enhance ET-743-induced adipogenic differentiation in a transgenic mouse model of myxoid round cell liposarcoma. J Clin Invest. 122:886–898. 2012.

22 

Pestereva E, Kanakasabai S and Bright JJ: PPARγ agonists regulate the expression of stemness and differentiation genes in brain tumour stem cells. Br J Cancer. 106:1702–1712. 2012.

23 

Pereira L, Igea A, Canovas B, et al: Inhibition of p38 MAPK sensitizes tumour cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis mediated by reactive oxygen species and JNK. EMBO Mol Med. 5:1759–1774. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Lambeth JD: NOX enzymes and the biology of reactive oxygen. Nat Rev Immunol. 4:181–189. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Owusu-Ansah E and Banerjee U: Reactive oxygen species prime Drosophila haematopoietic progenitors for differentiation. Nature. 461:537–541. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Houseknecht KL, Cole BM and Steele PJ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and its ligands: a review. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 22:1–23. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kersten S and Wahli W: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor agonists. EXS. 89:141–151. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Koshiyama H, Shimono D, Kuwamura N, et al: Rapid communication: inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on carotid arterial wall thickness in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 86:3452–3456. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Lehmann JM, Moore LB, Smith-Oliver TA, et al: An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). J Biol Chem. 270:12953–12956. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Su CG, Wen X, Bailey ST, et al: A novel therapy for colitis utilizing PPAR-gamma ligands to inhibit the epithelial inflammatory response. J Clin Invest. 104:383–389. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kondo T, Setoguchi T and Taga T: Persistence of a small subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells in the C6 glioma cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:781–786. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Salmaggi A, Boiardi A, Gelati M, et al: Glioblastoma-derived tumorospheres identify a population of tumor stem-like cells with angiogenic potential and enhanced multidrug resistance phenotype. Glia. 54:850–860. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Ding W, Mouzaki M, You H, et al: CD133+ liver cancer stem cells from methionine adenosyl transferase 1A-deficient mice demonstrate resistance to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-induced apoptosis. Hepatology. 49:1277–1286. 2009.

34 

Hermann PC, Huber SL, Herrler T, et al: Distinct populations of cancer stem cells determine tumor growth and metastatic activity in human pancreatic cancer. Cell Stem Cell. 1:313–323. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF and Weissman IL: Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature. 414:105–111. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Kelly PN, Dakic A, Adams JM, et al: Tumor growth need not be driven by rare cancer stem cells. Science. 317:3372007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Adler V, Yin Z, Tew KD and Ronai Z: Role of redox potential and reactive oxygen species in stress signaling. Oncogene. 18:6104–6111. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kondo M, Oya-Ito T, Kumagai T, et al: Cyclopentenone prostaglandins as potential inducers of intracellular oxidative stress. J Biol Chem. 276:12076–12083. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Kim KY, Ahn JH and Cheon HG: Apoptotic action of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation in human non small-cell lung cancer is mediated via proline oxidase-induced reactive oxygen species formation. Mol Pharmacol. 72:674–685. 2007.

40 

Wang JJ and Mak OT: Induction of apoptosis by 15d-PGJ2 via ROS formation: an alternative pathway without PPARγ activation in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 94:104–111. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Shin SW, Seo CY, Han H, et al: 15d-PGJ2 induces apoptosis by reactive oxygen species-mediated inactivation of Akt in leukemia and colorectal cancer cells and shows in vivo antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res. 15:5414–5425. 2009.

42 

Ito K, Hirao A, Arai F, et al: Regulation of oxidative stress by ATM is required for self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 431:997–1002. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Miyamoto K, Araki KY, Naka K, et al: Foxo3a is essential for maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell pool. Cell Stem Cell. 1:101–112. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Tothova Z, Kollipara R, Huntly BJ, et al: FoxOs are critical mediators of hematopoietic stem cell resistance to physiologic oxidative stress. Cell. 128:325–339. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Yalcin S, Zhang X, Luciano JP, et al: Foxo3 is essential for the regulation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and oxidative stress-mediated homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells. J Biol Chem. 283:25692–25705. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Ghaffari S: Oxidative stress in the regulation of normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis. Antioxid Redox Signal. 10:1923–1940. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Alexandre J, Hu Y, Lu W, et al: Novel action of paclitaxel against cancer cells: bystander effect mediated by reactive oxygen species. Cancer Res. 67:3512–3517. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Bedard K and Krause KH: The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 87:245–313. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Zolezzi JM, Silva-Alvarez C, Ordenes D, et al: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and PPARα agonists modulate mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics: relevance to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related neurodegenerative disorders? PLoS One. 8:e640192013.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang Y, Tan H, Xu D, Ma A, Zhang L, Sun J, Yang Z, Liu Y and Shi G: The combinatory effects of PPAR-γ agonist and survivin inhibition on the cancer stem-like phenotype and cell proliferation in bladder cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 34: 262-268, 2014.
APA
Wang, Y., Tan, H., Xu, D., Ma, A., Zhang, L., Sun, J. ... Shi, G. (2014). The combinatory effects of PPAR-γ agonist and survivin inhibition on the cancer stem-like phenotype and cell proliferation in bladder cancer cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 34, 262-268. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1774
MLA
Wang, Y., Tan, H., Xu, D., Ma, A., Zhang, L., Sun, J., Yang, Z., Liu, Y., Shi, G."The combinatory effects of PPAR-γ agonist and survivin inhibition on the cancer stem-like phenotype and cell proliferation in bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34.1 (2014): 262-268.
Chicago
Wang, Y., Tan, H., Xu, D., Ma, A., Zhang, L., Sun, J., Yang, Z., Liu, Y., Shi, G."The combinatory effects of PPAR-γ agonist and survivin inhibition on the cancer stem-like phenotype and cell proliferation in bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34, no. 1 (2014): 262-268. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1774
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang Y, Tan H, Xu D, Ma A, Zhang L, Sun J, Yang Z, Liu Y and Shi G: The combinatory effects of PPAR-γ agonist and survivin inhibition on the cancer stem-like phenotype and cell proliferation in bladder cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 34: 262-268, 2014.
APA
Wang, Y., Tan, H., Xu, D., Ma, A., Zhang, L., Sun, J. ... Shi, G. (2014). The combinatory effects of PPAR-γ agonist and survivin inhibition on the cancer stem-like phenotype and cell proliferation in bladder cancer cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 34, 262-268. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1774
MLA
Wang, Y., Tan, H., Xu, D., Ma, A., Zhang, L., Sun, J., Yang, Z., Liu, Y., Shi, G."The combinatory effects of PPAR-γ agonist and survivin inhibition on the cancer stem-like phenotype and cell proliferation in bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34.1 (2014): 262-268.
Chicago
Wang, Y., Tan, H., Xu, D., Ma, A., Zhang, L., Sun, J., Yang, Z., Liu, Y., Shi, G."The combinatory effects of PPAR-γ agonist and survivin inhibition on the cancer stem-like phenotype and cell proliferation in bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34, no. 1 (2014): 262-268. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1774
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team