Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
August-2014 Volume 34 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2014 Volume 34 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Interaction between ingested nutrients and gut endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Magdy El-Salhy
    • Odd Helge Gilja
    • Doris Gundersen
    • Jan G. Hatlebakk
    • Trygve Hausken
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stord Helse-Fonna Hospital, Stord, Norway, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Research, Helse-Fonna, Haugesund, Norway
    Copyright: © El-Salhy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 363-371
    |
    Published online on: June 17, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1811
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Several endocrine cell abnormalities have been reported in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). These cells have specialized microvilli that project into the lumen; they function as sensors for the gut contents and respond to luminal stimuli (mostly ingested nutrients) by releasing hormones into the lamina propria, where they exert their effects via a paracrine/endocrine mode of action. Certain food items trigger the symptoms experienced by IBS patients, including those rich in fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs). In this review, we present the argument that the effects of both FODMAPs and the proportional intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates on IBS symptoms may be caused by an interaction with the gut endocrine cells. Since the gut hormones control and regulate gastrointestinal motility and sensation, this interaction may be responsible for abnormal gastrointestinal motility and the visceral hypersensitivity observed in these patients. There is no consistent evidence that IBS patients suffer from food allergy. The role of gluten intolerance in the development of IBS symptoms in these patients remains a matter of controversy. Individual guidance on food management, which includes restrictions in the intake of FODMAP-rich foods and testing diets with different proportions of proteins, fats and carbohydrates has been found to reduce the symptoms, improve the quality of life, and make the habitual diet of IBS patients more healthy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

El-Salhy M, Gundersen D, Hatlebakk JG and Hausken T: Irritable bowel syndrome: diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment options. Nova Science Publishers Inc.; New York: 2012

2 

Thompson WG: A world view of IBS. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Camilleri M and Spiller RC: Saunders; Philadelphia and London: pp. 17–26. 2002

3 

Agreus L, Svardsudd K, Nyren O and Tibblin G: Irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia in the general population: overlap and lack of stability over time. Gastroenterology. 109:671–680. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Thompson WG, Irvine EJ, Pare P, Ferrazzi S and Rance L: Functional gastrointestinal disorders in Canada: first population-based survey using Rome II criteria with suggestions for improving the questionnaire. Dig Dis Sci. 47:225–235. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Kennedy TM, Jones RH, Hungin AP, O’Flanagan H and Kelly P: Irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in the general population. Gut. 43:770–774. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, et al: U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact. Dig Dis Sci. 38:1569–1580. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Talley NJ, Gabriel SE, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR and Evans RW: Medical costs in community subjects with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 109:1736–1741. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hungin AP, Whorwell PJ, Tack J and Mearin F: The prevalence, patterns and impact of irritable bowel syndrome: an international survey of 40,000 subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 17:643–650. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Jones R and Lydeard S: Irritable bowel syndrome in the general population. BMJ. 304:87–90. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bordie AK: Functional disorders of the colon. J Indian Med Assoc. 58:451–456. 1972.PubMed/NCBI

11 

O’Keefe EA, Talley NJ, Zinsmeister AR and Jacobsen SJ: Bowel disorders impair functional status and quality of life in the elderly: a population-based study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 50:M184–M189. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Everhart JE and Renault PF: Irritable bowel syndrome in office-based practice in the United States. Gastroenterology. 100:998–1005. 1991.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Wilson S, Roberts L, Roalfe A, Bridge P and Singh S: Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome: a community survey. Br J Gen Pract. 54:495–502. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Quigley EM, Locke GR, Mueller-Lissner S, et al: Prevalence and management of abdominal cramping and pain: a multinational survey. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 24:411–419. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Harvey RF, Salih SY and Read AE: Organic and functional disorders in 2000 gastroenterology outpatients. Lancet. 1:632–634. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Spiller R, Aziz Q, Creed F, et al: Guidelines on the irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms and practical management. Gut. 56:1770–1798. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, Houghton LA, Mearin F and Spiller RC: Functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology. 130:1480–1491. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Thompson WG and Heaton KW: Functional bowel disorders in apparently healthy people. Gastroenterology. 79:283–288. 1980.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Miller V, Whitaker K, Morris JA and Whorwell PJ: Gender and irritable bowel syndrome: the male connection. J Clin Gastroenterol. 38:558–560. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Whitehead WE, Burnett CK, Cook EW III and Taub E: Impact of irritable bowel syndrome on quality of life. Dig Dis Sci. 41:2248–2253. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Gralnek IM, Hays RD, Kilbourne A, Naliboff B and Mayer EA: The impact of irritable bowel syndrome on health-related quality of life. Gastroenterology. 119:654–660. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

El-Salhy M: Irritable bowel syndrome: diagnosis and pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol. 18:5151–5163. 2012.

23 

Simren M, Mansson A, Langkilde AM, et al: Food-related gastrointestinal symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome. Digestion. 63:108–115. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Nanda R, James R, Smith H, Dudley CR and Jewell DP: Food intolerance and the irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 30:1099–1104. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Bohn L, Storsrud S, Tornblom H, Bengtsson U and Simren M: Self-reported food-related gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS are common and associated with more severe symptoms and reduced quality of life. Am J Gastroenterol. 108:634–641. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Jarrett M, Heitkemper MM, Bond EF and Georges J: Comparison of diet composition in women with and without functional bowel disorder. Gastroenterol Nurs. 16:253–258. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Saito YA, Locke GR III, Weaver AL, Zinsmeister AR and Talley NJ: Diet and functional gastrointestinal disorders: a population-based case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 100:2743–2748. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Williams EA, Nai X and Corfe BM: Dietary intakes in people with irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol. 11:92011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Ostgaard H, Hausken T, Gundersen D and El-Salhy M: Diet and effects of diet management on quality of life and symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Med Rep. 5:1382–1390. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Böhn L, Störsrud S and Simrén M: Nutrient intake in patients with irritable bowel syndrome compared with the general population. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 25:23-e212013.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Ligaarden SC, Lydersen S and Farup PG: Diet in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome: a cross-sectional study in the general population. BMC Gastroenterol. 12:612012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

El-Salhy M, Ostgaard H, Gundersen D, Hatlebakk JG and Hausken T: The role of diet in the pathogenesis and management of irritable bowel syndrome (Review). Int J Mol Med. 29:723–731. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Dizdar V, Spiller R, Singh G, et al: Relative importance of abnormalities of CCK and 5-HT (serotonin) in Giardia-induced post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 31:883–891. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Monsbakken KW, Vandvik PO and Farup PG: Perceived food intolerance in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome - etiology, prevalence and consequences. Eur J Clin Nutr. 60:667–672. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Vesa TH, Seppo LM, Marteau PR, Sahi T and Korpela R: Role of irritable bowel syndrome in subjective lactose intolerance. Am J Clin Nutr. 67:710–715. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Geissler C: Human Nutrition. Geissler C and Powers H: Elsevier; Churchill Livingstone: 2005

37 

Wald A and Rakel D: Behavioral and complementary approaches for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Nutr Clin Pract. 23:284–292. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Heizer WD, Southern S and McGovern S: The role of diet in symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in adults: a narrative review. J Am Diet Assoc. 109:1204–1214. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Morcos A, Dinan T and Quigley EM: Irritable bowel syndrome: role of food in pathogenesis and management. J Dig Dis. 10:237–246. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Eswaran S, Tack J and Chey WD: Food: the forgotten factor in the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 40:141–162. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Austin GL, Dalton CB, Hu Y, et al: A very low-carbohydrate diet improves symptoms and quality of life in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 7:706–708. e7012009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Barrett JS and Gibson PR: Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) and nonallergic food intolerance: FODMAPs or food chemicals? Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 5:261–268. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Barrett JS: Extending our knowledge of fermentable, short-chain carbohydrates for managing gastrointestinal symptoms. Nutr Clin Pract. 28:300–306. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Biesiekierski JR, Rosella O, Rose R, et al: Quantification of fructans, galacto-oligosacharides and other short-chain carbohydrates in processed grains and cereals. J Hum Nutr Diet. 24:154–176. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

de Roest RH, Dobbs BR, Chapman BA, et al: The low FODMAP diet improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective study. Int J Clin Pract. 67:895–903. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

46 

Staudacher HM, Whelan K, Irving PM and Lomer MC: Comparison of symptom response following advice for a diet low in fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) versus standard dietary advice in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. J Hum Nutr Diet. 24:487–495. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Bijkerk CJ, Muris JW, Knottnerus JA, Hoes AW and de Wit NJ: Systematic review: the role of different types of fibre in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 19:245–251. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Ford AC, Talley NJ, Spiegel BM, et al: Effect of fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 337:a23132008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Francis CY and Whorwell PJ: Bran and irritable bowel syndrome: time for reappraisal. Lancet. 344:39–40. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Bijkerk CJ, de Wit NJ, Muris JW, Whorwell PJ, Knottnerus JA and Hoes AW: Soluble or insoluble fibre in irritable bowel syndrome in primary care? Randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 339:b31542009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Kassinen A, Krogius-Kurikka L, Makivuokko H, et al: The fecal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients differs significantly from that of healthy subjects. Gastroenterology. 133:24–33. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Si JM, Yu YC, Fan YJ and Chen SJ: Intestinal microecology and quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome patients. World J Gastroenterol. 10:1802–1805. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

53 

El-Salhy M, Seim I, Chopin L, Gundersen D, Hatlebakk JG and Hausken T: Irritable bowel syndrome: the role of gut neuroendocrine peptides. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 4:2783–2800. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Gunawardene AR, Corfe BM and Staton CA: Classification and functions of enteroendocrine cells of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Int J Exp Pathol. 92:219–231. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

May CL and Kaestner KH: Gut endocrine cell development. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 323:70–75. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Mawe GM, Coates MD and Moses PL: Review article: intestinal serotonin signalling in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 23:1067–1076. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Wade PR, Chen J, Jaffe B, Kassem IS, Blakely RD and Gershon MD: Localization and function of a 5-HT transporter in crypt epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract. J Neurosci. 16:2352–2364. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

58 

Gershon MD and Tack J: The serotonin signaling system: from basic understanding to drug development for functional GI disorders. Gastroenterology. 132:397–414. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Gershon MD: 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 20:14–21. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Gershon MD: Serotonin is a sword and a shield of the bowel: serotonin plays offense and defense. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 123:268–280. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

61 

El-Salhy M, Mazzawi T, Gundersen D, Hatlebakk JG and Hausken T: The role of peptide YY in gastrointestinal diseases and disorders (Review). Int J Mol Med. 31:275–282. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

62 

Dubrasquet M, Bataille D and Gespach C: Oxyntomodulin (glucagon-37 or bioactive enteroglucagon): a potent inhibitor of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in rats. Biosci Rep. 2:391–395. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Schjoldager BT, Baldissera FG, Mortensen PE, Holst JJ and Christiansen J: Oxyntomodulin: a potential hormone from the distal gut. Pharmacokinetics and effects on gastric acid and insulin secretion in man. Eur J Clin Invest. 18:499–503. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Schjoldager B, Mortensen PE, Myhre J, Christiansen J and Holst JJ: Oxyntomodulin from distal gut. Role in regulation of gastric and pancreatic functions. Dig Dis Sci. 34:1411–1419. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Dakin CL, Small CJ, Batterham RL, et al: Peripheral oxyntomodulin reduces food intake and body weight gain in rats. Endocrinology. 145:2687–2695. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Wynne K, Park AJ, Small CJ, et al: Subcutaneous oxyntomodulin reduces body weight in overweight and obese subjects: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes. 54:2390–2395. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Camilleri M: Peripheral mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome. N Engl J Med. 367:1626–1635. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

68 

Jianu CS, Fossmark R, Syversen U, Hauso O and Waldum HL: A meal test improves the specificity of chromogranin A as a marker of neuroendocrine neoplasia. Tumour Biol. 31:373–380. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Sandstrom O and El-Salhy M: Ageing and endocrine cells of human duodenum. Mech Ageing Dev. 108:39–48. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

El-Salhy M: Ghrelin in gastrointestinal diseases and disorders: a possible role in the pathophysiology and clinical implications (Review). Int J Mol Med. 24:727–732. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Tolhurst G, Reimann F and Gribble FM: Intestinal sensing of nutrients. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 309–335. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

72 

Lee J, Cummings BP, Martin E, et al: Glucose sensing by gut endocrine cells and activation of the vagal afferent pathway is impaired in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 302:R657–R666. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

Parker HE, Reimann F and Gribble FM: Molecular mechanisms underlying nutrient-stimulated incretin secretion. Expert Rev Mol Med. 12:e12010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Raybould HE: Nutrient sensing in the gastrointestinal tract: possible role for nutrient transporters. J Physiol Biochem. 64:349–356. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

San Gabriel A, Nakamura E, Uneyama H and Torii K: Taste, visceral information and exocrine reflexes with glutamate through umami receptors. J Med Invest. 56(Suppl): S209–S217. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

76 

Rudholm T, Wallin B, Theodorsson E, Naslund E and Hellstrom PM: Release of regulatory gut peptides somatostatin, neurotensin and vasoactive intestinal peptide by acid and hyperosmolal solutions in the intestine in conscious rats. Regul Pept. 152:8–12. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Sternini C, Anselmi L and Rozengurt E: Enteroendocrine cells: a site of ‘taste’ in gastrointestinal chemosensing. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 15:73–78. 2008.

78 

Sternini C: Taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. IV. Functional implications of bitter taste receptors in gastrointestinal chemosensing. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 292:G457–G461. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Buchan AM: Nutrient Tasting and Signaling Mechanisms in the Gut III. Endocrine cell recognition of luminal nutrients. Am J Physiol. 277:G1103–G1107. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

80 

Montero-Hadjadje M, Elias S, Chevalier L, et al: Chromogranin A promotes peptide hormone sorting to mobile granules in constitutively and regulated secreting cells: role of conserved N- and C-terminal peptides. J Biol Chem. 284:12420–12431. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

81 

Shooshtarizadeh P, Zhang D, Chich JF, et al: The antimicrobial peptides derived from chromogranin/secretogranin family, new actors of innate immunity. Regul Pept. 165:102–110. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

82 

Rindi G, Inzani F and Solcia E: Pathology of gastrointestinal disorders. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 39:713–727. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

83 

Seim I, El-Salhy M, Hausken T, Gundersen D and Chopin L: Ghrelin and the brain-gut axis as a pharmacological target for appetite control. Curr Pharm Des. 18:768–775. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

84 

Wendelbo I, Mazzawi T and El-Salhy M: Increased serotonin transporter immunoreactivity intensity in the ileum of patients with irritable bowel disease. Mol Med Rep. 9:180–184. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

85 

El-Salhy M, Wendelbo IH and Gundersen D: Reduced chromogranin A cell density in the ileum of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Med Rep. 7:1241–1244. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

86 

El-Salhy M, Vaali K, Dizdar V and Hausken T: Abnormal small-intestinal endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 55:3508–3513. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

El-Salhy M, Mazzawi T, Gundersen D and Hausken T: Chromogranin A cell density in the rectum of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Med Rep. 6:1223–1225. 2012.

88 

El-Salhy M, Lomholt-Beck B and Hausken T: Chromogranin A as a possible tool in the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol. 45:1435–1439. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

89 

El-Salhy M, Lillebo E, Reinemo A and Salmelid L: Ghrelin in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Mol Med. 23:703–707. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

90 

El-Salhy M, Hatlebakk JG, Gundersen D and Hausken T: Endocrine cells in the gastric oxyntic mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2013.

91 

El-Salhy M, Gundersen D, Ostgaard H, Lomholt-Beck B, Hatlebakk JG and Hausken T: Low densities of serotonin and peptide YY cells in the colon of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 57:873–878. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

92 

El-Salhy M, Gundersen D, Hatlebakk JG and Hausken T: Chromogranin a cell density as a diagnostic marker for lymphocytic colitis. Dig Dis Sci. 57:3154–3159. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

93 

El-Salhy M, Gundersen D, Hatlebakk JG and Hausken T: Gastric endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa ofpatients with irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2013.

94 

El-Salhy M, Gilja OH, Hatlebakk JG and Hausken T: Gastric antral endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013.

95 

El-Salhy M, Gilja OH and Hausken T: Chromogranin A cells in the stomach of patients with sporadic irritable bowel syndrome. Histol Histopathol. 2013.

96 

Sjolund K, Ekman R and Wierup N: Covariation of plasma ghrelin and motilin in irritable bowel syndrome. Peptides. 31:1109–1112. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

97 

Wang SH, Dong L, Luo JY, et al: Decreased expression of serotonin in the jejunum and increased numbers of mast cells in the terminal ileum in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 13:6041–6047. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

98 

Park JH, Rhee PL, Kim G, et al: Enteroendocrine cell counts correlate with visceral hypersensitivity in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 18:539–546. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

99 

Coates MD, Mahoney CR, Linden DR, et al: Molecular defects in mucosal serotonin content and decreased serotonin reuptake transporter in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 126:1657–1664. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

100 

El-Salhy M, Wendelbo I and Gundersen D: Serotonin and serotonin transporter in the rectum of patients with irritable bowel disease. Mol Med Rep. 8:451–455. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

101 

Hotoleanu C, Popp R, Trifa AP, Nedelcu L and Dumitrascu DL: Genetic determination of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 14:6636–6640. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

102 

Whorwell PJ, McCallum M, Creed FH and Roberts CT: Non-colonic features of irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 27:37–40. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

103 

Locke GR III, Zinsmeister AR, Talley NJ, Fett SL and Melton LJ III: Familial association in adults with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Mayo Clin Proc. 75:907–912. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

104 

Kalantar JS, Locke GR III, Zinsmeister AR, Beighley CM and Talley NJ: Familial aggregation of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective study. Gut. 52:1703–1707. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

105 

Kanazawa M, Endo Y, Whitehead WE, Kano M, Hongo M and Fukudo S: Patients and nonconsulters with irritable bowel syndrome reporting a parental history of bowel problems have more impaired psychological distress. Dig Dis Sci. 49:1046–1053. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

106 

Morris-Yates A, Talley NJ, Boyce PM, Nandurkar S and Andrews G: Evidence of a genetic contribution to functional bowel disorder. Am J Gastroenterol. 93:1311–1317. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

107 

Levy RL, Jones KR, Whitehead WE, Feld SI, Talley NJ and Corey LA: Irritable bowel syndrome in twins: heredity and social learning both contribute to etiology. Gastroenterology. 121:799–804. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

108 

Lembo A, Zaman M, Jones M and Talley NJ: Influence of genetics on irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux and dyspepsia: a twin study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 25:1343–1350. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

109 

Wojczynski MK, North KE, Pedersen NL and Sullivan PF: Irritable bowel syndrome: a co-twin control analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 102:2220–2229. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

110 

Bengtson MB, Ronning T, Vatn MH and Harris JR: Irritable bowel syndrome in twins: genes and environment. Gut. 55:1754–1759. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

111 

Mohammed I, Cherkas LF, Riley SA, Spector TD and Trudgill NJ: Genetic influences in irritable bowel syndrome: a twin study. Am J Gastroenterol. 100:1340–1344. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

112 

Akiho H, Ihara E and Nakamura K: Low-grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in gastrointestinal dysfunction in irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 1:97–105. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

113 

Wouters MM and Boeckxstaens GE: Neuroimmune mechanisms in functional bowel disorders. Neth J Med. 69:55–61. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

114 

Kuwahara A, Kuramoto H and Kadowaki M: 5-HT activates nitric oxide-generating neurons to stimulate chloride secretion in guinea pig distal colon. Am J Physiol. 275:G829–G834. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

115 

Gershon MD: Plasticity in serotonin control mechanisms in the gut. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 3:600–607. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

116 

Zar S, Benson MJ and Kumar D: Food-specific serum IgG4 and IgE titers to common food antigens in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 100:1550–1557. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

117 

Zar S, Kumar D and Benson MJ: Food hypersensitivity and irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 15:439–449. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

118 

Park MI and Camilleri M: Is there a role of food allergy in irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia? A systematic review. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 18:595–607. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

119 

Uz E, Turkay C, Aytac S and Bavbek N: Risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome in Turkish population: role of food allergy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 41:380–383. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

120 

Dainese R, Galliani EA, De Lazzari F, Di Leo V and Naccarato R: Discrepancies between reported food intolerance and sensitization test findings in irritable bowel syndrome patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 94:1892–1897. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

121 

Bischoff S and Crowe SE: Gastrointestinal food allergy: new insights into pathophysiology and clinical perspectives. Gastroenterology. 128:1089–1113. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

122 

Murch S: Allergy and intestinal dysmotility--evidence of genuine causal linkage? Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 22:664–668. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

123 

Gui XY: Mast cells: a possible link between psychological stress, enteric infection, food allergy and gut hypersensitivity in the irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 13:980–989. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

124 

Teufel M, Biedermann T, Rapps N, et al: Psychological burden of food allergy. World J Gastroenterol. 13:3456–3465. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

125 

Walker MM and Talley NJ: Functional gastrointestinal disorders and the potential role of eosinophils. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 37:383–395. vi2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

126 

Petitpierre M, Gumowski P and Girard JP: Irritable bowel syndrome and hypersensitivity to food. Ann Allergy. 54:538–540. 1985.PubMed/NCBI

127 

Tobin MC, Moparty B, Farhadi A, DeMeo MT, Bansal PJ and Keshavarzian A: Atopic irritable bowel syndrome: a novel subgroup of irritable bowel syndrome with allergic manifestations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 100:49–53. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

128 

Atkinson W, Sheldon TA, Shaath N and Whorwell PJ: Food elimination based on IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 53:1459–1464. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

129 

Whorwell PJ: The growing case for an immunological component to irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Exp Allergy. 37:805–807. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

130 

Hunter JO: Food elimination in IBS: the case for IgG testing remains doubtful. Gut. 54:1203author reply 1203. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

131 

Beyer K and Teuber SS: Food allergy diagnostics: scientific and unproven procedures. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 5:261–266. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

132 

Choung RS, Branda ME, Chitkara D, et al: Longitudinal direct medical costs associated with constipation in women. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 33:251–260. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

133 

Ortolani C, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C, Bengtsson U, et al: Controversial aspects of adverse reactions to food. European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Reactions to Food Subcommittee. Allergy. 54:27–45. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

134 

Frissora CL and Koch KL: Symptom overlap and comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome with other conditions. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 7:264–271. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

135 

El-Salhy M, Lomholt-Beck B and Gundersen D: The prevalence of celiac disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Med Rep. 4:403–405. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

136 

Catassi C, Kryszak D, Louis-Jacques O, et al: Detection of Celiac disease in primary care: a multicenter case-finding study in North America. Am J Gastroenterol. 102:1454–1460. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

137 

Fasano A, Berti I, Gerarduzzi T, et al: Prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States: a large multicenter study. Arch Intern Med. 163:286–292. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

138 

van der Wouden EJ, Nelis GF and Vecht J: Screening for coeliac disease in patients fulfilling the Rome II criteria for irritable bowel syndrome in a secondary care hospital in The Netherlands: a prospective observational study. Gut. 56:444–445. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

139 

Locke GR III, Murray JA, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ III and Talley NJ: Celiac disease serology in irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia: a population-based case-control study. Mayo Clin Proc. 79:476–482. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

140 

Hin H, Bird G, Fisher P, Mahy N and Jewell D: Coeliac disease in primary care: case finding study. BMJ. 318:164–167. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

141 

Shahbazkhani B, Forootan M, Merat S, et al: Coeliac disease presenting with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 18:231–235. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

142 

Korkut E, Bektas M, Oztas E, Kurt M, Cetinkaya H and Ozden A: The prevalence of celiac disease in patients fulfilling Rome III criteria for irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Intern Med. 21:389–392. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

143 

Sanders DS, Patel D, Stephenson TJ, et al: A primary care cross-sectional study of undiagnosed adult coeliac disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 15:407–413. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

144 

Verdu EF, Armstrong D and Murray JA: Between celiac disease and irritable bowel syndrome: the ‘no man’s land’ of gluten sensitivity. Am J Gastroenterol. 104:1587–1594. 2009.

145 

Wahnschaffe U, Schulzke JD, Zeitz M and Ullrich R: Predictors of clinical response to gluten-free diet in patients diagnosed with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 5:844–850; quiz 769. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

146 

Carroccio A, Mansueto P, Iacono G, et al: Non-celiac wheat sensitivity diagnosed by double-blind placebo-controlled challenge: exploring a new clinical entity. Am J Gastroenterol. 107:1898–1906; quiz 1907. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

147 

Aziz I and Sanders DS: Emerging concepts: from coeliac disease to non-coeliac gluten sensitivity. Proc Nutr Soc. 71:576–580. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

148 

Newnham ED: Does gluten cause gastrointestinal symptoms in subjects without coeliac disease? J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 26(Suppl 3): S132–S134. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

149 

Biesiekierski JR, Peters SL, Newnham ED, Rosella O, Muir JG and Gibson PR: No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates. Gastroenterology. 145:320–328. e3232013. View Article : Google Scholar

150 

Mazzawi T, Hausken T, Gundersen D and El-Salhy M: Effects of dietary guidance on the symptoms, quality of life and habitual dietary intake of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Med Rep. 8:845–852. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

151 

El-Salhy M, Lilbo E, Reinemo A, Salmeøid L and Hausken T: Effects of a health program comprising reassurance, diet management, probiotic administration and regular exercise on symptoms and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Insights. 2:21–26. 2010.

152 

Posserud I, Syrous A, Lindstrom L, Tack J, Abrahamsson H and Simren M: Altered rectal perception in irritable bowel syndrome is associated with symptom severity. Gastroenterology. 133:1113–1123. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

153 

Ritchie J: Pain from distension of the pelvic colon by inflating a balloon in the irritable colon syndrome. Gut. 14:125–132. 1973. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

154 

Mertz H, Naliboff B, Munakata J, Niazi N and Mayer EA: Altered rectal perception is a biological marker of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 109:40–52. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

155 

Whitehead WE and Palsson OS: Is rectal pain sensitivity a biological marker for irritable bowel syndrome: psychological influences on pain perception. Gastroenterology. 115:1263–1271. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

156 

Whitehead WE, Holtkotter B, Enck P, et al: Tolerance for rectosigmoid distention in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 98:1187–1192. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

157 

Bouin M, Plourde V, Boivin M, et al: Rectal distention testing in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of pain sensory thresholds. Gastroenterology. 122:1771–1777. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

158 

Bradette M, Delvaux M, Staumont G, Fioramonti J, Bueno L and Frexinos J: Evaluation of colonic sensory thresholds in IBS patients using a barostat. Definition of optimal conditions and comparison with healthy subjects. Dig Dis Sci. 39:449–457. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

159 

Camilleri M, McKinzie S, Busciglio I, et al: Prospective study of motor, sensory, psychologic, and autonomic functions in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6:772–781. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

160 

Costantini M, Sturniolo GC, Zaninotto G, et al: Altered esophageal pain threshold in irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 38:206–212. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

161 

Trimble KC, Farouk R, Pryde A, Douglas S and Heading RC: Heightened visceral sensation in functional gastrointestinal disease is not site-specific. Evidence for a generalized disorder of gut sensitivity. Dig Dis Sci. 40:1607–1613. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

162 

Zighelboim J, Talley NJ, Phillips SF, Harmsen WS and Zinsmeister AR: Visceral perception in irritable bowel syndrome. Rectal and gastric responses to distension and serotonin type 3 antagonism. Dig Dis Sci. 40:819–827. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

163 

Accarino AM, Azpiroz F and Malagelada JR: Selective dysfunction of mechanosensitive intestinal afferents in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 108:636–643. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

164 

Kanazawa M, Hongo M and Fukudo S: Visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 26(Suppl 3): S119–S121. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

165 

Whorwell PJ, Clouter C and Smith CL: Oesophageal motility in the irritable bowel syndrome. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 282:1101–1102. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

166 

Clouse RE and Eckert TC: Gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with esophageal contraction abnormalities. Dig Dis Sci. 31:236–240. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar

167 

Soffer EE, Scalabrini P, Pope CE II and Wingate DL: Effect of stress on oesophageal motor function in normal subjects and in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 29:1591–1594. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

168 

Lind CD: Motility disorders in the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 20:279–295. 1991.PubMed/NCBI

169 

Lee OY: Asian motility studies in irritable bowel syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 16:120–130. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

170 

van Wijk HJ, Smout AJ, Akkermans LM, Roelofs JM and ten Thije OJ: Gastric emptying and dyspeptic symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol. 27:99–102. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

171 

Charles F, Phillips SF, Camilleri M and Thomforde GM: Rapid gastric emptying in patients with functional diarrhea. Mayo Clin Proc. 72:323–328. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

172 

Caballero-Plasencia AM, Valenzuela-Barranco M, Herrerias-Gutierrez JM and Esteban-Carretero JM: Altered gastric emptying in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Nucl Med. 26:404–409. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

173 

Portincasa P, Moschetta A, Baldassarre G, Altomare DF and Palasciano G: Pan-enteric dysmotility, impaired quality of life and alexithymia in a large group of patients meeting ROME II criteria for irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 9:2293–2299. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

174 

Stanghellini V, Tosetti C, Barbara G, et al: Dyspeptic symptoms and gastric emptying in the irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 97:2738–2743. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

175 

Leahy A, Besherdas K, Clayman C, Mason I and Epstein O: Abnormalities of the electrogastrogram in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 94:1023–1028. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

176 

Evans PR, Bak YT, Shuter B, Hoschl R and Kellow JE: Gastroparesis and small bowel dysmotility in irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 42:2087–2093. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

177 

Nielsen OH, Gjorup T and Christensen FN: Gastric emptying rate and small bowel transit time in patients with irritable bowel syndrome determined with 99mTc-labeled pellets and scintigraphy. Dig Dis Sci. 31:1287–1291. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

178 

Narducci F, Bassotti G, Granata MT, et al: Colonic motility and gastric emptying in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Effect of pretreatment with octylonium bromide. Dig Dis Sci. 31:241–246. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

179 

Acharya U, Waite N, Howlett P, Tanner AR and Smith CL: Failure to demonstrate altered gastric emptying in irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 28:889–892. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
El-Salhy M, Gilja OH, Gundersen D, Hatlebakk JG and Hausken T: Interaction between ingested nutrients and gut endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Review). Int J Mol Med 34: 363-371, 2014.
APA
El-Salhy, M., Gilja, O.H., Gundersen, D., Hatlebakk, J.G., & Hausken, T. (2014). Interaction between ingested nutrients and gut endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 34, 363-371. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1811
MLA
El-Salhy, M., Gilja, O. H., Gundersen, D., Hatlebakk, J. G., Hausken, T."Interaction between ingested nutrients and gut endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34.2 (2014): 363-371.
Chicago
El-Salhy, M., Gilja, O. H., Gundersen, D., Hatlebakk, J. G., Hausken, T."Interaction between ingested nutrients and gut endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34, no. 2 (2014): 363-371. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1811
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
El-Salhy M, Gilja OH, Gundersen D, Hatlebakk JG and Hausken T: Interaction between ingested nutrients and gut endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Review). Int J Mol Med 34: 363-371, 2014.
APA
El-Salhy, M., Gilja, O.H., Gundersen, D., Hatlebakk, J.G., & Hausken, T. (2014). Interaction between ingested nutrients and gut endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 34, 363-371. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1811
MLA
El-Salhy, M., Gilja, O. H., Gundersen, D., Hatlebakk, J. G., Hausken, T."Interaction between ingested nutrients and gut endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34.2 (2014): 363-371.
Chicago
El-Salhy, M., Gilja, O. H., Gundersen, D., Hatlebakk, J. G., Hausken, T."Interaction between ingested nutrients and gut endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34, no. 2 (2014): 363-371. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1811
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team