Anti-inflammatory potential of peat moss extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

  • Authors:
    • Woo-Suk Choi
    • Jin-Woo Jeong
    • Sung Ok Kim
    • Gi-Young Kim
    • Byung-Woo Kim
    • Cheol Min Kim
    • Yong-Bae Seo
    • Woe-Yeon Kim
    • Sang-Yeol Lee
    • Kwon-Ho Jo
    • Young Ju Choi
    • Yung Hyun Choi
    • Gun-Do Kim
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: August 6, 2014     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1881
  • Pages: 1101-1109
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to identify the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of peat moss aqueous extract (PME) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. To demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of PME, the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines were measured using Griess reagent and cytokine ELISA kits, respectively. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis were conducted to evaluate the expression of genes and proteins. Immunofluorescence was used to measure the expression and translocation of transcription factors. Pre-treatment with PME inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2 and NO by suppressing the gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase, respectively. The LPS-stimulated gene expression and the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were significantly reduced by PME. In the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, nuclear factor‑κB (NF-κB) translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus, while pre-treatment with PME induced the sequestration of NF-κB in the cytosol through the inhibition of IκBα degradation. In the same manner, PME contributed to the inhibition of the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. In addition, the PME-treated RAW 264.7 cells facilitated the activation of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) , and in turn, enhanced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. These results indicate that PME exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and suggest that PME may neutralize inflammation and prevent cellular damage by oxidative stress.
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October 2014
Volume 34 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Choi W, Jeong J, Kim SO, Kim G, Kim B, Kim CM, Seo Y, Kim W, Lee S, Jo K, Jo K, et al: Anti-inflammatory potential of peat moss extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int J Mol Med 34: 1101-1109, 2014
APA
Choi, W., Jeong, J., Kim, S.O., Kim, G., Kim, B., Kim, C.M. ... Kim, G. (2014). Anti-inflammatory potential of peat moss extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 34, 1101-1109. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1881
MLA
Choi, W., Jeong, J., Kim, S. O., Kim, G., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., Seo, Y., Kim, W., Lee, S., Jo, K., Choi, Y. J., Choi, Y. H., Kim, G."Anti-inflammatory potential of peat moss extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34.4 (2014): 1101-1109.
Chicago
Choi, W., Jeong, J., Kim, S. O., Kim, G., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., Seo, Y., Kim, W., Lee, S., Jo, K., Choi, Y. J., Choi, Y. H., Kim, G."Anti-inflammatory potential of peat moss extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34, no. 4 (2014): 1101-1109. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1881