Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
October 2014 Volume 34 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October 2014 Volume 34 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms, C-509T, C+466T and T+869C, of the TGF-β1 gene in patients with asthma and their influence on the mRNA expression level of TGF-β1

  • Authors:
    • Michał Panek
    • Tadeusz Pietras
    • Artur Fabijan
    • Jan Zioło
    • Łukasz Wieteska
    • Beata Małachowska
    • Wojciech Fendler
    • Janusz Szemraj
    • Piotr Kuna
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland, Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland, Students Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland , Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland, Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
    Copyright: © Panek et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 975-986
    |
    Published online on: August 11, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1894
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an important fibrogenic and immunomodulatory cytokine participating in the pathogenesis of a number of illnesses related to the growth, differentiation and migration of cells. It also plays a key role in inflammation, atherosclerosis, vascular inflammation and asthma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the expression of the TGF-β1 gene and its genetic polymorphisms, and the disease phenotype. The study comprised 173 patients with asthma, as well as 163 healthy volunteers as a control group. The gender profiles of the groups were similar (p=0.8415). Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-high resolution melting (HRM). The results were verified by sequencing. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. This study evaluated the role and frequency of genetic polymorphisms (C-509T, C+466T and T+869C) of the TGF-β1 gene in the study group (patients with asthma) and the control group (healthy volunteers). The results obtained for the patients and healthy controls were as follows: C-509T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (controls, TT/CT/CC-0.4444/0.5309/0.0247; patients, TT/CT/CC-0.3699/0.6012/0.0289), C+466T SNP (controls, TT/CT/CC-1.000/0.000/0.000; patients, TT/CT/CC-1.000/0.000/0.000) and T+869C SNP (controls, TT/CT/CC-1.000/0.000/0.000; patients, TT/CT/CC-1.000/0.000/0.000). Only the C-509T polymorphism was found to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of asthma, as well as a risk factor in the loss of the clinical control of the disease [TT vs. CC/CT, odds ratio (OR) 2.38; confidence interval (CI) 1.22-4.66; p=0.0103]. A significant difference was noted between the study and control groups with regard to the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 (p=0.0133). A higher level of expression of the TGF-β1 gene correlated with the time of diagnosis of patients over 16 years of age (p=0.0255). This study demonstrates that the C-509T SNP is a significant clinical risk factor for asthma and that the TGF-β1 cytokine contributes to the progression of the illness.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Droszcz W and Grzanka A: Asthma in adolescents and adults. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL; Warszawa: 2010

2 

Genuneit J, Cantelmo JL, Weinmayr G, Wong GW, Cooper PJ, Riikjärv MA, Gotua M, Kabesch M, von Mutius E, Forastiere F, Crane J, Nystad W, El-Sharif N, Batlles-Garrido J, García-Marcos L, García-Hernández G, Morales-Suarez-Varela M, Nilsson L, Bråbäck L, Saraçlar Y, Weiland SK, Cookson WO, Strachan D and Moffatt MF; ISAAC Phase 2 Study Group. A multi-centre study of candidate genes for wheeze and allergy: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase 2. Clin Exp Allergy. 39:1875–1888. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Anderson GP: Endotyping asthma: new insights into key pathogenic mechanisms in a complex, heterogeneous disease. Lancet. 372:1107–1119. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Djukanović R, Roche WR, Wilson JW, Beasley CR, Twentyman OP, Howarth RH and Holgate ST: Mucosal inflammation in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis. 142:434–457. 1990.

5 

Sumi Y and Hamid Q: Airway remodeling in asthma. Allergol Int. 56:341–348. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Romagnani S: The increased prevalence of allergy and the hygiene hypothesis: missing immune deviation, reduced immune suppression, or both? Immunology. 112:352–363. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Wang J and Young IG: Eosinophilic inflammation: mechanisms regulating IL-5 transcription in human T lymphocytes. Allergy. 62:1131–1138. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Yang YC, Zhang N, Van Crombruggen K, Hu GH, Hong SL and Bachert C: Transforming growth factor-beta1 in inflammatory airway disease: a key for understanding inflammation and remodeling. Allergy. 67:1193–1202. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Duvernelle C, Freund V and Frossard N: Transforming growth factor-beta and its role in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 16:181–196. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Park HK, Park HW, Jeon SG, Shin ES, Gho YS, Cho SH, Kim YY and Kim YK: Distinct association of genetic variations of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and fibroblast growth factor receptors with atopy and airway hyperresponsiveness. Allergy. 63:447–453. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Attisano L and Wrana JL: Signal transduction by the TGF-beta superfamily. Science. 296:1646–1647. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Letterio JJ and Roberts AB: TGF-beta: a critical modulator of immune cell function. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 84:244–250. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Ashcroft GS: Bidirectional regulation of macrophage function by TGF-beta. Microbes Infect. 1:1275–1282. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Pancewicz SA, Izycka A, Klibingat M, Zajkowska JM, Swierzbińska-Pijanowska R, Kondrusik M, Grygorczuk SS, Izycki T and Hermanowska-Szpakowicz T: Transforming growth factor beta, metalloproteinase 2 and its tissue inhibitor 2 in the serum from patients with early and late boreliosis. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 25:495–499. 2008.(In Polish).

15 

Kim DH and Kim SJ: Transforming growth factor-beta receptors: Role in physiology and disease. J Biomed Sci. 3:143–158. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Attisano L and Wrana JL: Signal transduction by members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 7:327–339. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Lagna G, Hata A, Hemmati-Brivanlou A and Massagué J: Partnership between DPC4 and SMAD proteins in TGF-beta signalling pathways. Nature. 383:832–836. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Wrana JL: Crossing Smads. Sci STKE. 14:2000. re12000.

19 

Whitman M: Smads and early developmental signaling by the TGFbeta superfamily. Genes Dev. 12:2445–2462. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Heldin CH, Miyazono K and ten Dijke P: TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins. Nature. 390:465–471. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Kim SJ, Glick A, Sporn MB and Roberts AB: Characterization of the promoter region of the human transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene. J Biol Chem. 264:402–408. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Kim SJ, Park K, Rudkin BB, Dey BR, Sporn MB and Roberts AB: Nerve growth factor induces transcription of transforming growth factor-beta 1 through a specific promoter element in PC12 cells. J Biol Chem. 269:3739–3744. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Kim SJ, Angel P, Lafyatis R, Hattori K, Kim KY, Sporn MB, Karin M and Roberts AB: Autoinduction of transforming growth factor beta 1 is mediated by the AP-1 complex. Mol Cell Biol. 10:1492–1497. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kim SJ, Romeo D, Yoo YD and Park K: Transforming growth factor-beta: expression in normal and pathological conditions. Horm Res. 42:5–8. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Watanabe Y, Kinoshita A, Yamada T, Ohta T, Kishino T, Matsumoto N, Ishikawa M, Niikawa N and Yoshiura K: A catalog of 106 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11 other types of variations in genes for transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and its signaling pathway. J Hum Genet. 47:478–483. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Mak JC, Leung HC, Ho SP, Law BK, Ho AS, Lam WK, Ip MS and Chan-Yeung MM: Analysis of TGF-beta(1) gene polymorphisms in Hong Kong Chinese patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 117:92–96. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Grainger DJ, Heathcote K, Chiano M, Snieder H, Kemp PR, Metcalfe JC, et al: Genetic control of the circulating concentration of transforming growth factor type beta1. Hum Mol Genet. 8:93–97. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Hobbs K, Negri J, Klinnert M, Rosenwasser LJ and Borish L: Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta promoter polymorphisms in allergies and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 158:1958–1962. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Pulleyn LJ, Newton R, Adcock IM and Barnes PJ: TGFbeta1 allele association with asthma severity. Hum Genet. 109:623–627. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Silverman ES, Palmer LJ, Subramaniam V, Hallock A, Mathew S, Vallone J, et al: Transforming growth factor-beta1 promoter polymorphism C−509T is associated with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 169:214–219. 2004.

31 

Nagpal K, Sharma S, B-Rao C, Nahid S, Niphadkar PV, Sharma SK and Ghosh B: TGFbeta1 haplotypes and asthma in Indian populations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 115:527–533. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Buckova D, Izakovicová Hollá L, Benes P, Znojil V and Vácha J: TGF-beta1 gene polymorphisms. Allergy. 56:1236–1237. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Heinzmann A, Bauer E, Ganter K, Kurz T and Deichmann KA: Polymorphisms of the TGF-beta1 gene are not associated with bronchial asthma in Caucasian children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 16:310–314. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

National Center for Biotechnology Information. The U.S. National Institutes of Health. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?rs=200482214.

35 

Panek M, Pietras T, Szemraj J, Fabijan A and Kuna P: Identification and association of TGFβ-1 expression in patients with asthma in a Polish population - Lodz metropolitan area study. Int J Biochem Mol Biol. 4:67–74. 2013.

36 

Panek M, Pietras T, Fabijan A, Miłanowski M, Wieteska L, Górski P, Kuna P and Szemraj J: Effect of glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms on asthma phenotypes. Exp Ther Med. 5:572–580. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Panek M, Pietras T, Antczak A, Fabijan A, Przemęcka M, Górski P, Kuna P and Szemraj J: The N363S and I559N single nucleotide polymorphisms of the h-GR/NR3C1 gene in patients with bronchial asthma. Int J Mol Med. 30:142–150. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Panek M, Pietras T, Antczak A, Górski P, Kuna P and Szemraj J: The role of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1 in Polish patients with bronchial asthma. Mol Biol Rep. 39:4749–4757. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Nathan RA, Sorkness CA, Kosinski M, Schatz M, Li JT, Marcus P, Murray JJ and Pendergraft TB: Development of the asthma control test: a survey for assessing asthma control. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 113:59–65. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Chomczynski P and Sacchi N: Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem. 162:156–159. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001.

42 

Winer J, Jung CK, Shackel I and Williams PM: Development and validation of real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for monitoring gene expression in cardiac myocytes in vitro. Anal Biochem. 270:41–49. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Li H, Romieu I, Wu H, Sienra-Monge JJ, Ramírez-Aguilar M, del Río-Navarro BE, del Lara-Sánchez IC, Kistner EO, Gjessing HK and London SJ: Genetic polymorphisms in transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1) and childhood asthma and atopy. Hum Genet. 121:529–538. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Flanders KC and Burmester JK: Medical applications of transforming growth factor-beta. Clin Med Res. 1:13–20. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Horowitz JC, Lee DY, Waghray M, Keshamouni VG, Thomas PE, Zhang H, Cui Z and Thannickal VJ: Activation of the pro-survival phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway by transforming growth factor-beta1 in mesenchymal cells is mediated by p38 MAPK-dependent induction of an autocrine growth factor. J Biol Chem. 279:1359–1367. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Lee KY and Bae SC: TGF-beta-dependent cell growth arrest and apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Biol. 35:47–53. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Li MO, Wan YY, Sanjabi S, Robertson AK and Flavell RA: Transforming growth factor-beta regulation of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 24:99–146. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Stępień-Wyrobiec O, Hrycek A and Wyrobiec G: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta): its structure, function, and role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 62:688–693. 2008.(In Polish).

49 

Bierie B and Moses HL: Tumour microenvironment: TGFbeta: the molecular Jekyll and Hyde of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 6:506–520. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Fleisch MC, Maxwell CA and Barcellos-Hoff MH: The pleiotropic roles of transforming growth factor beta in homeostasis and carciongenesis of endocrine organs. Endocr Relat Cancer. 13:379–400. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Niemczyk M, Foroncewicz B and Mucha K: The role of TGF beta. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 113:401–408. 2005.(In Polish).

52 

Kim SG, Jong HS, Kim TY, Lee JW, Kim NK, Hong SH and Bang YJ: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces apoptosis through Fas ligand-independent activation of the Fas death pathway in human gastric SNU-620 carcinoma cells. Mol Biol Cell. 15:420–434. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Moustakas A, Souchelnytskyi S and Heldin CH: Smad regulation in TGF-beta signal transduction. J Cell Sci. 114:4359–4369. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Panek M, Pietras T, Fabijan A, Zioło J, Wieteska Ł, Małachowska B, Fendler W, Szemraj J and Kuna P: Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms, C-509T, C+466T and T+869C, of the TGF-β1 gene in patients with asthma and their influence on the mRNA expression level of TGF-β1. Int J Mol Med 34: 975-986, 2014.
APA
Panek, M., Pietras, T., Fabijan, A., Zioło, J., Wieteska, Ł., Małachowska, B. ... Kuna, P. (2014). Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms, C-509T, C+466T and T+869C, of the TGF-β1 gene in patients with asthma and their influence on the mRNA expression level of TGF-β1. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 34, 975-986. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1894
MLA
Panek, M., Pietras, T., Fabijan, A., Zioło, J., Wieteska, Ł., Małachowska, B., Fendler, W., Szemraj, J., Kuna, P."Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms, C-509T, C+466T and T+869C, of the TGF-β1 gene in patients with asthma and their influence on the mRNA expression level of TGF-β1". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34.4 (2014): 975-986.
Chicago
Panek, M., Pietras, T., Fabijan, A., Zioło, J., Wieteska, Ł., Małachowska, B., Fendler, W., Szemraj, J., Kuna, P."Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms, C-509T, C+466T and T+869C, of the TGF-β1 gene in patients with asthma and their influence on the mRNA expression level of TGF-β1". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34, no. 4 (2014): 975-986. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1894
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Panek M, Pietras T, Fabijan A, Zioło J, Wieteska Ł, Małachowska B, Fendler W, Szemraj J and Kuna P: Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms, C-509T, C+466T and T+869C, of the TGF-β1 gene in patients with asthma and their influence on the mRNA expression level of TGF-β1. Int J Mol Med 34: 975-986, 2014.
APA
Panek, M., Pietras, T., Fabijan, A., Zioło, J., Wieteska, Ł., Małachowska, B. ... Kuna, P. (2014). Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms, C-509T, C+466T and T+869C, of the TGF-β1 gene in patients with asthma and their influence on the mRNA expression level of TGF-β1. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 34, 975-986. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1894
MLA
Panek, M., Pietras, T., Fabijan, A., Zioło, J., Wieteska, Ł., Małachowska, B., Fendler, W., Szemraj, J., Kuna, P."Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms, C-509T, C+466T and T+869C, of the TGF-β1 gene in patients with asthma and their influence on the mRNA expression level of TGF-β1". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34.4 (2014): 975-986.
Chicago
Panek, M., Pietras, T., Fabijan, A., Zioło, J., Wieteska, Ł., Małachowska, B., Fendler, W., Szemraj, J., Kuna, P."Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms, C-509T, C+466T and T+869C, of the TGF-β1 gene in patients with asthma and their influence on the mRNA expression level of TGF-β1". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34, no. 4 (2014): 975-986. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1894
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team