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Integrative genomic analyses of a novel cytokine, interleukin-34 and its potential role in cancer prediction

  • Authors:
    • Bo Wang
    • Wenming Xu
    • Miaolian Tan
    • Yan Xiao
    • Haiwei Yang
    • Tian-Song Xia
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Oncology, The Eastern Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China, Department of Endocrinology, The Eastern Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China, Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 92-102
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    Published online on: November 12, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.2001
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Abstract

Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a novel cytokine, which is composed of 222 amino acids and forms homodimers. It binds to the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor and plays an important role in innate immunity and inflammatory processes. In the present study, we identified the completed IL-34 gene in 25 various mammalian genomes and found that IL-34 existed in all types of vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. These species have a similar 7 exon/6 intron gene organization. The phylogenetic tree indicated that the IL-34 gene from the primate lineage, rodent lineage and teleost lineage form a species-specific cluster. It was found mammalian that IL-34 was under positive selection pressure with the identified positively selected site, 196Val. Fifty-five functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 32 SNPs causing missense mutations, 3 exonic splicing enhancer SNPs and 20 SNPs causing nonsense mutations were identified from 2,141 available SNPs in the human IL-34 gene. IL-34 was expressed in various types of cancer, including blood, brain, breast, colorectal, eye, head and neck, lung, ovarian and skin cancer. A total of 5 out of 40 tests (1 blood cancer, 1 brain cancer, 1 colorectal cancer and 2 lung cancer) revealed an association between IL-34 gene expression and cancer prognosis. It was found that the association between the expression of IL-34 and cancer prognosis varied in different types of cancer, even in the same types of cancer from different databases. This suggests that the function of IL-34 in these tumors may be multidimensional. The upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1), regulatory factor X-1 (RFX1), the Sp1 transcription factor 1 , POU class 3 homeobox 2 (POU3F2) and forkhead box L1 (FOXL1) regulatory transcription factor binding sites were identified in the IL-34 gene upstream (promoter) region, which may be involved in the effects of IL-34 in tumors.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang B, Xu W, Tan M, Xiao Y, Yang H and Xia T: Integrative genomic analyses of a novel cytokine, interleukin-34 and its potential role in cancer prediction. Int J Mol Med 35: 92-102, 2015.
APA
Wang, B., Xu, W., Tan, M., Xiao, Y., Yang, H., & Xia, T. (2015). Integrative genomic analyses of a novel cytokine, interleukin-34 and its potential role in cancer prediction. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 35, 92-102. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.2001
MLA
Wang, B., Xu, W., Tan, M., Xiao, Y., Yang, H., Xia, T."Integrative genomic analyses of a novel cytokine, interleukin-34 and its potential role in cancer prediction". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35.1 (2015): 92-102.
Chicago
Wang, B., Xu, W., Tan, M., Xiao, Y., Yang, H., Xia, T."Integrative genomic analyses of a novel cytokine, interleukin-34 and its potential role in cancer prediction". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35, no. 1 (2015): 92-102. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.2001
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang B, Xu W, Tan M, Xiao Y, Yang H and Xia T: Integrative genomic analyses of a novel cytokine, interleukin-34 and its potential role in cancer prediction. Int J Mol Med 35: 92-102, 2015.
APA
Wang, B., Xu, W., Tan, M., Xiao, Y., Yang, H., & Xia, T. (2015). Integrative genomic analyses of a novel cytokine, interleukin-34 and its potential role in cancer prediction. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 35, 92-102. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.2001
MLA
Wang, B., Xu, W., Tan, M., Xiao, Y., Yang, H., Xia, T."Integrative genomic analyses of a novel cytokine, interleukin-34 and its potential role in cancer prediction". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35.1 (2015): 92-102.
Chicago
Wang, B., Xu, W., Tan, M., Xiao, Y., Yang, H., Xia, T."Integrative genomic analyses of a novel cytokine, interleukin-34 and its potential role in cancer prediction". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35, no. 1 (2015): 92-102. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.2001
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