Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
January-2015 Volume 35 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2015 Volume 35 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Peptide nucleic acids targeting β-globin mRNAs selectively inhibit hemoglobin production in murine erythroleukemia cells

  • Authors:
    • Giulia Montagner
    • Chiara Gemmo
    • Enrica Fabbri
    • Alex Manicardi
    • Igea Accardo
    • Nicoletta Bianchi
    • Alessia Finotti
    • Giulia Breveglieri
    • Francesca Salvatori
    • Monica Borgatti
    • Ilaria Lampronti
    • Alberto Bresciani
    • Sergio Altamura
    • Roberto Corradini
    • Roberto Gambari
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy, IRBM Science Park, Pomezia (RM), Italy
    Copyright: © Montagner et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 51-58
    |
    Published online on: November 14, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.2005
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

In the treatment of hemoglobinopathies, amending altered hemoglobins and/or globins produced in excess is an important part of therapeutic strategies and the selective inhibition of globin production may be clinically beneficial. Therefore the development of drug-based methods for the selective inhibition of globin accumulation is required. In this study, we employed peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to alter globin gene expression. The main conclusion of the present study was that PNAs designed to target adult murine β-globin mRNA inhibit hemoglobin accumulation and erythroid differentiation of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells with high efficiency and fair selectivity. No major effects were observed on cell proliferation. Our study supports the concept that PNAs may be used to target mRNAs that, similar to globin mRNAs, are expressed at very high levels in differentiating erythroid cells. Our data suggest that PNAs inhibit the excess production of globins involved in the pathophysiology of hemoglobinopathies.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Cavazzana-Calvo M, Payen E, Negre O, Wang G, Hehir K, Fusil F, Down J, Denaro M, Brady T, Westerman K, Cavallesco R, Gillet-Legrand B, Caccavelli L, Sgarra R, Maouche-Chrétien L, Bernaudin F, Girot R, Dorazio R, Mulder GJ, Polack A, Bank A, Soulier J, Larghero J, Kabbara N, Dalle B, Gourmel B, Socie G, Chrétien S, Cartier N, Aubourg P, Fischer A, Cornetta K, Galacteros F, Beuzard Y, Gluckman E, Bushman F, Hacein-Bey-Abina S and Leboulch P: Transfusion independence and HMGA2 activation after gene therapy of human β-thalassaemia. Nature. 467:318–322. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Kaiser J: Gene therapy. Beta-thalassemia treatment succeeds, with a caveat. Science. 326:1468–1469. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Dong A, Rivella S and Breda L: Gene therapy for hemoglobinopathies: progress and challenges. Transl Res. 161:293–306. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Breda L, Casu C, Gardenghi S, Bianchi N, Cartegni L, Narla M, Yazdanbakhsh K, Musso M, Manwani D, Little J, Gardner LB, Kleinert DA, Prus E, Fibach E, Grady RW, Giardina PJ, Gambari R and Rivella S: Therapeutic hemoglobin levels after gene transfer in β-thalassemia mice and in hematopoietic cells of β-thalassemia and sickle cells disease patients. PLoS One. 7:e323452012. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Zou J, Mali P, Huang X, Dowey SN and Cheng L: Site-specific gene correction of a point mutation in human iPS cells derived from an adult patient with sickle cell disease. Blood. 118:4599–4608. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Gambari R and Fibach E: Medicinal chemistry of fetal hemoglobin inducers for treatment of beta-thalassemia. Curr Med Chem. 14:199–212. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Reid ME, El Beshlawy A, Inati A, Kutlar A, Abboud MR, Haynes J Jr, Ward R, Sharon B, Taher AT, Smith W, Manwani D and Ghalie RG: A double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study of the efficacy and safety of 2,2-dimethylbutyrate (HQK-1001), an oral fetal globin inducer, in sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol. 89:709–713. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Perrine SP, Pace BS and Faller DV: Targeted fetal hemoglobin induction for treatment of beta hemoglobinopathies. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 28:233–248. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Breda L, Rivella S, Zuccato C and Gambari R: Combining gene therapy and fetal hemoglobin induction for treatment of β-thalassemia. Expert Rev Hematol. 6:255–264. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Zuccato C, Breda L, Salvatori F, Breveglieri G, Gardenghi S, Bianchi N, Brognara E, Lampronti I, Borgatti M, Rivella S and Gambari R: A combined approach for β-thalassemia based on gene therapy-mediated adult hemoglobin (HbA) production and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction. Ann Hematol. 91:1201–1213. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Voit RA, Hendel A, Pruett-Miller SM and Porteus MH: Nuclease-mediated gene editing by homologous recombination of the human globin locus. Nucleic Acids Res. 42:1365–1378. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

12 

Ma N, Liao B, Zhang H, Wang L, Shan Y, Xue Y, Huang K, Chen S, Zhou X, Chen Y, Pei D and Pan G: Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated gene correction in integration-free β-thalassemia induced pluripotent stem cells. J Biol Chem. 288:34671–34679. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Salvatori F, Breveglieri G, Zuccato C, Finotti A, Bianchi N, Borgatti M, Feriotto G, Destro F, Canella A, Brognara E, Lampronti I, Breda L, Rivella S and Gambari R: Production of beta-globin and adult hemoglobin following G418 treatment of erythroid precursor cells from homozygous beta039 thalassemia patients. Am J Hematol. 84:720–728. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Ansari SH, Shamsi TS, Ashraf M, Perveen K, Farzana T, Bohray M, Erum S and Mehboob T: Efficacy of hydroxyurea in providing transfusion independence in β-thalassemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 33:339–343. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Fibach E, Bianchi N, Borgatti M, Prus E and Gambari R: Mithramycin induces fetal hemoglobin production in normal and thalassemic human erythroid precursor cells. Blood. 102:1276–1281. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Salvador A, Brognara E, Vedaldi D, Castagliuolo I, Brun P, Zuccato C, Lampronti I and Gambari R: Induction of erythroid differentiation and increased globin mRNA production with furocoumarins and their photoproducts. J Photochem Photobiol B. 121:57–66. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Fibach E, Bianchi N, Borgatti M, Zuccato C, Finotti A, Lampronti I, Prus E, Mischiati C and Gambari R: Effects of rapamycin on accumulation of alpha-, beta- and gamma-globin mRNAs in erythroid precursor cells from beta-thalassaemia patients. Eur J Haematol. 77:437–441. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Gräslund T, Li X, Magnenat L, Popkov M and Barbas CF III: Exploring strategies for the design of artificial transcription factors: targeting sites proximal to known regulatory regions for the induction of gamma-globin expression and the treatment of sickle cell disease. J Biol Chem. 280:3707–3714. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Wilber A, Tschulena U, Hargrove PW, Kim YS, Persons DA, Barbas CF III and Nienhuis AW: A zinc-finger transcriptional activator designed to interact with the gamma-globin gene promoters enhances fetal hemoglobin production in primary human adult erythroblasts. Blood. 115:3033–3041. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Xu XS, Hong X and Wang G: Induction of endogenous gamma-globin gene expression with decoy oligonucleotide targeting Oct-1 transcription factor consensus sequence. J Hematol Oncol. 2:152009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Gambari R: Alternative options for DNA-based experimental therapy of β-thalassemia. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 12:443–462. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Sankaran VG, Menne TF, Šćepanović D, Vergilio JA, Ji P, Kim J, Thiru P, Orkin SH, Lander ES and Lodish HF: MicroRNA-15a and -16-1 act via MYB to elevate fetal hemoglobin expression in human trisomy 13. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:1519–1524. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Lulli V, Romania P, Morsilli O, Cianciulli P, Gabbianelli M, Testa U, Giuliani A and Marziali G: MicroRNA-486-3p regulates γ-globin expression in human erythroid cells by directly modulating BCL11A. PLoS One. 8:e604362013. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Ma Y, Wang B, Jiang F, Wang D, Liu H, Yan Y, Dong H, Wang F, Gong B, Zhu Y, Dong L, Yin H, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Wu Z, Zhang J, Zhou J and Yu J: A feedback loop consisting of microRNA 23a/27a and the β-like globin suppressors KLF3 and SP1 regulates globin gene expression. Mol Cell Biol. 33:3994–4007. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Kaul DK, Fabry ME and Nagel RL: The pathophysiology of vascular obstruction in the sickle syndromes. Blood Rev. 10:29–44. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Rodgers GP: Overview of pathophysiology and rationale for treatment of sickle cell anemia. Semin Hematol. 34:2–7. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Vekilov PG: Sickle-cell haemoglobin polymerization: is it the primary pathogenic event of sickle-cell anaemia? Br J Haematol. 139:173–184. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Vasseur C, Pissard S, Domingues-Hamdi E, Marden MC, Galactéros F and Baudin-Creuza V: Evaluation of the free α-hemoglobin pool in red blood cells: a new test providing a scale of β-thalassemia severity. Am J Hematol. 86:199–202. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Rivella S: Do not super-excess me! Blood. 119:5064–5065. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Kassim AA and DeBaun MR: Sickle cell disease, vasculopathy, and therapeutics. Annu Rev Med. 64:451–466. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Raghupathy R and Billett HH: Promising therapies in sickle cell disease. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 9:1–8. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Steinberg MH: Pathophysiologically based drug treatment of sickle cell disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 27:204–210. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Gambari R: Peptide nucleic acids: a review on recent patents and technology transfer. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 24:267–294. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Nielsen PE, Egholm M, Berg RH and Buchardt O: Sequence-selective recognition of DNA by strand displacement with a thymine-substituted polyamide. Science. 254:1497–1500. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Egholm M, Buchardt O, Christensen L, Behrens C, Freier SM, Driver DA, Berg RH, Kim SK, Norden B and Nielsen PE: PNA hybridizes to complementary oligonucleotides obeying the Watson-Crick hydrogen-bonding rules. Nature. 365:566–568. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Gambari R: Peptide-nucleic acids (PNAs): a tool for the development of gene expression modifiers. Curr Pharm Des. 7:1839–1862. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Gambari R, Terada M, Bank A, Rifkind RA and Marks PA: Synthesis of globin mRNA in relation to the cell cycle during induced murine erythroleukemia differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 75:3801–3804. 1978. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Gambari R, Marks PA and Rifkind RA: Murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation: relationship of globin gene expression and of prolongation of G1 to inducer effects during G1/early S. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 76:4511–4515. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Rutherford TR and Harrison PR: Globin synthesis and erythroid differentiation in a Friend cell variant deficient in heme synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 76:5660–5664. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Salvatori F, Cantale V, Breveglieri G, Zuccato C, Finotti A, Bianchi N, Borgatti M, Feriotto G, Destro F, Canella A, Breda L, Rivella S and Gambari R: Development of K562 cell clones expressing beta-globin mRNA carrying the beta039 thalassaemia mutation for the screening of correctors of stop-codon mutations. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 54:41–52. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Fabbri E, Manicardi A, Tedeschi T, Sforza S, Bianchi N, Brognara E, Finotti A, Breveglieri G, Borgatti M, Corradini R, Marchelli R and Gambari R: Modulation of the biological activity of microRNA-210 with peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). ChemMedChem. 6:2192–2202. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Nastruzzi C, Cortesi R, Esposito E, Gambari R, Borgatti M, Bianchi N, Feriotto G and Mischiati C: Liposomes as carriers for DNA-PNA hybrids. J Control Release. 68:237–249. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Borgatti M, Breda L, Cortesi R, Nastruzzi C, Romanelli A, Saviano M, Bianchi N, Mischiati C, Pedone C and Gambari R: Cationic liposomes as delivery systems for double-stranded PNA-DNA chimeras exhibiting decoy activity against NF-kappaB transcription factors. Biochem Pharmacol. 64:609–616. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Brognara E, Fabbri E, Bianchi N, Finotti A, Corradini R and Gambari R: Molecular methods for validation of the biological activity of peptide nucleic acids targeting microRNAs. Methods Mol Biol. 1095:165–176. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Brognara E, Fabbri E, Aimi F, Manicardi A, Bianchi N, Finotti A, Breveglieri G, Borgatti M, Corradini R, Marchelli R and Gambari R: Peptide nucleic acids targeting miR-221 modulate p27Kip1 expression in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Int J Oncol. 41:2119–2127. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

46 

Bhatnagar P, Keefer JR, Casella JF, Barron-Casella EA, Bean CJ, Hooper CW, Payne AB, Arking DE and Debaun MR: Association between baseline fetal hemoglobin levels and incidence of severe vaso-occlusive pain episodes in children with sickle cell anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 60:E125–E127. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Rodrigue CM, Arous N, Bachir D, Smith-Ravin J, Romeo PH, Galacteros F and Garel MC: Resveratrol, a natural dietary phytoalexin, possesses similar properties to hydroxyurea towards erythroid differentiation. Br J Haematol. 113:500–507. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Montagner G, Gemmo C, Fabbri E, Manicardi A, Accardo I, Bianchi N, Finotti A, Breveglieri G, Salvatori F, Borgatti M, Borgatti M, et al: Peptide nucleic acids targeting β-globin mRNAs selectively inhibit hemoglobin production in murine erythroleukemia cells. Int J Mol Med 35: 51-58, 2015.
APA
Montagner, G., Gemmo, C., Fabbri, E., Manicardi, A., Accardo, I., Bianchi, N. ... Gambari, R. (2015). Peptide nucleic acids targeting β-globin mRNAs selectively inhibit hemoglobin production in murine erythroleukemia cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 35, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.2005
MLA
Montagner, G., Gemmo, C., Fabbri, E., Manicardi, A., Accardo, I., Bianchi, N., Finotti, A., Breveglieri, G., Salvatori, F., Borgatti, M., Lampronti, I., Bresciani, A., Altamura, S., Corradini, R., Gambari, R."Peptide nucleic acids targeting β-globin mRNAs selectively inhibit hemoglobin production in murine erythroleukemia cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35.1 (2015): 51-58.
Chicago
Montagner, G., Gemmo, C., Fabbri, E., Manicardi, A., Accardo, I., Bianchi, N., Finotti, A., Breveglieri, G., Salvatori, F., Borgatti, M., Lampronti, I., Bresciani, A., Altamura, S., Corradini, R., Gambari, R."Peptide nucleic acids targeting β-globin mRNAs selectively inhibit hemoglobin production in murine erythroleukemia cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35, no. 1 (2015): 51-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.2005
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Montagner G, Gemmo C, Fabbri E, Manicardi A, Accardo I, Bianchi N, Finotti A, Breveglieri G, Salvatori F, Borgatti M, Borgatti M, et al: Peptide nucleic acids targeting β-globin mRNAs selectively inhibit hemoglobin production in murine erythroleukemia cells. Int J Mol Med 35: 51-58, 2015.
APA
Montagner, G., Gemmo, C., Fabbri, E., Manicardi, A., Accardo, I., Bianchi, N. ... Gambari, R. (2015). Peptide nucleic acids targeting β-globin mRNAs selectively inhibit hemoglobin production in murine erythroleukemia cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 35, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.2005
MLA
Montagner, G., Gemmo, C., Fabbri, E., Manicardi, A., Accardo, I., Bianchi, N., Finotti, A., Breveglieri, G., Salvatori, F., Borgatti, M., Lampronti, I., Bresciani, A., Altamura, S., Corradini, R., Gambari, R."Peptide nucleic acids targeting β-globin mRNAs selectively inhibit hemoglobin production in murine erythroleukemia cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35.1 (2015): 51-58.
Chicago
Montagner, G., Gemmo, C., Fabbri, E., Manicardi, A., Accardo, I., Bianchi, N., Finotti, A., Breveglieri, G., Salvatori, F., Borgatti, M., Lampronti, I., Bresciani, A., Altamura, S., Corradini, R., Gambari, R."Peptide nucleic acids targeting β-globin mRNAs selectively inhibit hemoglobin production in murine erythroleukemia cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35, no. 1 (2015): 51-58. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.2005
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team