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The inhibitory effects of Geranium thunbergii on interferon-γ- and LPS-induced inflammatory responses are mediated by Nrf2 activation

  • Authors:
    • Hee-Jin Choi
    • Hee-Jung Choi
    • Mi-Ju Park
    • Ji-Yeon Lee
    • Seung-Il Jeong
    • Seongoo Lee
    • Kyun Ha Kim
    • Myungsoo Joo
    • Han-Sol Jeong
    • Jai-Eun Kim
    • Ki-Tae Ha
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Siksa-dong, Ilsan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine and Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, Jeonju Biomaterials Institute, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Choi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 1237-1245
    |
    Published online on: March 6, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2128
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Abstract

Geranium thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (GT; which belongs to the Geraniaceae family) has been used as a traditional medicine in East Asia for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis and diarrhea. However, the underlying mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of GT remain poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of GT in macrophages. The results revealed that GT significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, as shown by RT-PCR. However, the inhibitory effects of GT on LPS- and IFN-γ-induced inflammation were associated with an enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity, but not with the suppression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity, as shown by western blot analysis. In addition, in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) isolated from Nrf2 knockout mice, GT did not exert any inhibitory effect on the LPS- and IFN-γ-induced inflammation. Taken together, our findings indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of GT may be associated with the activation of Nrf2, an anti-inflammatory transcription factor.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Choi H, Choi H, Park M, Lee J, Jeong S, Lee S, Kim KH, Joo M, Jeong H, Kim J, Kim J, et al: The inhibitory effects of Geranium thunbergii on interferon-γ- and LPS-induced inflammatory responses are mediated by Nrf2 activation. Int J Mol Med 35: 1237-1245, 2015.
APA
Choi, H., Choi, H., Park, M., Lee, J., Jeong, S., Lee, S. ... Ha, K. (2015). The inhibitory effects of Geranium thunbergii on interferon-γ- and LPS-induced inflammatory responses are mediated by Nrf2 activation. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 35, 1237-1245. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2128
MLA
Choi, H., Choi, H., Park, M., Lee, J., Jeong, S., Lee, S., Kim, K. H., Joo, M., Jeong, H., Kim, J., Ha, K."The inhibitory effects of Geranium thunbergii on interferon-γ- and LPS-induced inflammatory responses are mediated by Nrf2 activation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35.5 (2015): 1237-1245.
Chicago
Choi, H., Choi, H., Park, M., Lee, J., Jeong, S., Lee, S., Kim, K. H., Joo, M., Jeong, H., Kim, J., Ha, K."The inhibitory effects of Geranium thunbergii on interferon-γ- and LPS-induced inflammatory responses are mediated by Nrf2 activation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35, no. 5 (2015): 1237-1245. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2128
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Choi H, Choi H, Park M, Lee J, Jeong S, Lee S, Kim KH, Joo M, Jeong H, Kim J, Kim J, et al: The inhibitory effects of Geranium thunbergii on interferon-γ- and LPS-induced inflammatory responses are mediated by Nrf2 activation. Int J Mol Med 35: 1237-1245, 2015.
APA
Choi, H., Choi, H., Park, M., Lee, J., Jeong, S., Lee, S. ... Ha, K. (2015). The inhibitory effects of Geranium thunbergii on interferon-γ- and LPS-induced inflammatory responses are mediated by Nrf2 activation. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 35, 1237-1245. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2128
MLA
Choi, H., Choi, H., Park, M., Lee, J., Jeong, S., Lee, S., Kim, K. H., Joo, M., Jeong, H., Kim, J., Ha, K."The inhibitory effects of Geranium thunbergii on interferon-γ- and LPS-induced inflammatory responses are mediated by Nrf2 activation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35.5 (2015): 1237-1245.
Chicago
Choi, H., Choi, H., Park, M., Lee, J., Jeong, S., Lee, S., Kim, K. H., Joo, M., Jeong, H., Kim, J., Ha, K."The inhibitory effects of Geranium thunbergii on interferon-γ- and LPS-induced inflammatory responses are mediated by Nrf2 activation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 35, no. 5 (2015): 1237-1245. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2128
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