Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
December-2015 Volume 36 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2015 Volume 36 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Perfluoroheptanoic acid affects amphibian embryogenesis by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK

  • Authors:
    • Miran Kim
    • Mi Seon Park
    • Jungeun Son
    • Inji Park
    • Hyun-Kyung Lee
    • Chowon Kim
    • Byung-Hwa Min
    • Jaewoong Ryoo
    • Kwang Shik Choi
    • Dong-Seok Lee
    • Hyun-Shik Lee
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: ABRC, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea, Aquaculture Management Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 1693-1700
    |
    Published online on: October 12, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2370
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are globally distributed synthetic compounds that are known to adversely affect human health. Developmental toxicity assessment of PFCs is important to facilitate the evaluation of their environmental impact. In the present study, we assessed the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of PFCs with different numbers of carbon atoms on Xenopus embryogenesis. An initial frog embryo teratogenicity assay-Xenopus (FETAX) assay was performed that identified perfluorohexanoic (PFHxA) and perfluoroheptanoic (PFHpA) acids as potential teratogens and developmental toxicants. The mechanism underlying this teratogenicity was also investigated by measuring the expression of tissue-specific biomarkers such as phosphotyrosine‑binding protein, xPTB (liver); NKX2.5 (heart); and Cyl18 (intestine). Whole‑mount in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase‑polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and histologic analyses detected severe defects in the liver and heart following exposure to PFHxA or PFHpA. In addition, immunoblotting revealed that PFHpA significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), while PFHxA slightly increased these, as compared with the control. These results suggest that PFHxA and PFHpA are developmental toxicants and teratogens, with PFHpA producing more severe effects on liver and heart development through the induction of ERK and JNK phosphorylation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Andersen ME, Butenhoff JL, Chang SC, Farrar DG, Kennedy GL Jr, Lau C, Olsen GW, Seed J and Wallace KB: Perfluoroalkyl acids and related chemistries - toxicokinetics and modes of action. Toxicol Sci. 102:3–14. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Houde M, Martin JW, Letcher RJ, Solomon KR and Muir DC: Biological monitoring of polyfluoroalkyl substances: A review. Environ Sci Technol. 40:3463–3473. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Calafat AM, Wong LY, Kuklenyik Z, Reidy JA and Needham LL: Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the U.S. population: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004 and comparisons with NHANES 1999–2000. Environ Health Perspect. 115:1596–1602. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Lindstrom AB, Strynar MJ and Libelo EL: Polyfluorinated compounds: Past, present, and future. Environ Sci Technol. 45:7954–7961. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Nelson JW, Hatch EE and Webster TF: Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and cholesterol, body weight, and insulin resistance in the general U.S. population. Environ Health Perspect. 118:197–202. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Yamashita N, Kannan K, Taniyasu S, Horii Y, Petrick G and Gamo T: A global survey of perfluorinated acids in oceans. Mar Pollut Bull. 51:658–668. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

McLachlan MS, Holmstrom KE, Reth M and Berger U: Riverine discharge of perfluorinated carboxylates from the European continent. Environ Sci Technol. 41:7260–7265. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Jin YH, Liu W, Sato I, Nakayama SF, Sasaki K, Saito N and Tsuda S: PFOS and PFOA in environmental and tap water in China. Chemosphere. 77:605–611. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Nakayama S, Strynar MJ, Helfant L, Egeghy P, Ye X and Lindstrom AB: Perfluorinated compounds in the Cape Fear Drainage Basin in North Carolina. Environ Sci Technol. 41:5271–5276. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Domingo JL: Health risks of dietary exposure to perfluorinated compounds. Environ Int. 40:187–195. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Moody CA, Martin JW, Kwan WC, Muir DC and Mabury SA: Monitoring perfluorinated surfactants in biota and surface water samples following an accidental release of fire-fighting foam into Etobicoke Creek. Environ Sci Technol. 36:545–551. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Olsen GW, Butenhoff JL and Zobel LR: Perfluoroalkyl chemicals and human fetal development: An epidemiologic review with clinical and toxicological perspectives. Reprod Toxicol. 27:212–230. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Dreyer A, Weinberg I, Temme C and Ebinghaus R: Polyfluorinated compounds in the atmosphere of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans: Evidence for a global distribution. Environ Sci Technol. 43:6507–6514. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Lau C, Anitole K, Hodes C, Lai D, Pfahles-Hutchens A and Seed J: Perfluoroalkyl acids: A review of monitoring and toxicological findings. Toxicol Sci. 99:366–394. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kato K, Wong LY, Jia LT, Kuklenyik Z and Calafat AM: Trends in exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the U.S. Population: 1999–2008. Environ Sci Technol. 45:8037–8045. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Kim M, Son J, Park MS, Ji Y, Chae S, Jun C, Bae JS, Kwon TK, Choo YS, Yoon H, et al: In vivo evaluation and comparison of developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of perfluoroalkyl compounds using Xenopus embryos. Chemosphere. 93:1153–1160. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Mouche I, Malesic L and Gillardeaux O: FETAX assay for evaluation of developmental toxicity. Methods Mol Biol. 691:257–269. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Sharma B and Patiño R: Exposure of Xenopus laevis tadpoles to cadmium reveals concentration-dependent bimodal effects on growth and monotonic effects on development and thyroid gland activity. Toxicol Sci. 105:51–58. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Bacchetta R, Santo N, Fascio U, Moschini E, Freddi S, Chirico G, Camatini M and Mantecca P: Nano-sized CuO, TiO2 and ZnO affect Xenopus laevis development. Nanotoxicology. 6:381–398. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Vize PD, McCoy KE and Zhou X: Multichannel wholemount fluorescent and fluorescent/chromogenic in situ hybridization in Xenopus embryos. Nat Protoc. 4:975–983. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Zhou Y, Zhang J and King ML: Xenopus autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia protein couples lipoprotein receptors with the AP-2 complex in oocytes and embryos and is required for vitellogenesis. J Biol Chem. 278:44584–44592. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Jahr M and Männer J: Development of the venous pole of the heart in the frog Xenopus laevis: A morphological study with special focus on the development of the venoatrial connections. Dev Dyn. 240:1518–1527. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Ruch RJ: Intercellular communication, homeostasis, and toxicology. Toxicol Sci. 68:265–266. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Cheng Y, Cui Y, Chen HM and Xie WP: Thyroid disruption effects of environmental level perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) in Xenopus laevis. Ecotoxicology. 20:2069–2078. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Ny A, Koch M, Schneider M, Neven E, Tong RT, Maity S, Fischer C, Plaisance S, Lambrechts D, Héligon C, et al: A genetic Xenopus laevis tadpole model to study lymphangiogenesis. Nat Med. 11:998–1004. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kälin RE, Bänziger-Tobler NE, Detmar M and Brändli AW: An in vivo chemical library screen in Xenopus tadpoles reveals novel pathways involved in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Blood. 114:1110–1122. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Raffin M, Leong LM, Rones MS, Sparrow D, Mohun T and Mercola M: Subdivision of the cardiac Nkx2.5 expression domain into myogenic and nonmyogenic compartments. Dev Biol. 218:326–340. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Son HY, Lee S, Tak EN, Cho HS, Shin HI, Kim SH and Yang JH: Perfluorooctanoic acid alters T lymphocyte phenotypes and cytokine expression in mice. Environ Toxicol. 24:580–588. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Van den Heuvel LP, Van den Born J, Jalanko H, Schröder CH, Veerkamp JH, Assmann KJ, Berden JH, Holmberg C, Rapola J and Monnens LA: The glycosaminoglycan content of renal basement membranes in the congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. Pediatr Nephrol. 6:10–15. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Yeung LW, Yamashita N, Taniyasu S, Lam PK, Sinha RK, Borole DV and Kannan K: A survey of perfluorinated compounds in surface water and biota including dolphins from the Ganges River and in other waterbodies in India. Chemosphere. 76:55–62. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Shi X, Du Y, Lam PK, Wu RS and Zhou B: Developmental toxicity and alteration of gene expression in zebrafish embryos exposed to PFOS. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 230:23–32. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Abbott BD, Wolf CJ, Schmid JE, Das KP, Zehr RD, Helfant L, Nakayama S, Lindstrom AB, Strynar MJ and Lau C: Perfluorooctanoic acid induced developmental toxicity in the mouse is dependent on expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha. Toxicol Sci. 98:571–581. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

O'Brien JM, Crump D, Mundy LJ, Chu S, McLaren KK, Vongphachan V, Letcher RJ and Kennedy SW: Pipping success and liver mRNA expression in chicken embryos exposed in ovo to C8 and C11 perfluorinated carboxylic acids and C10 perfluorinated sulfonate. Toxicol Lett. 190:134–139. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Verreault J, Houde M, Gabrielsen GW, Berger U, Haukås M, Letcher RJ and Muir DC: Perfluorinated alkyl substances in plasma, liver, brain, and eggs of glaucous gulls (Larus hyper-boreus) from the Norwegian arctic. Environ Sci Technol. 39:7439–7445. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Conder JM, Hoke RA, De Wolf W, Russell MH and Buck RC: Are PFCAs bioaccumulative? A critical review and comparison with regulatory criteria and persistent lipophilic compounds. Environ Sci Technol. 42:995–1003. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Garuti R, Jones C, Li WP, Michaely P, Herz J, Gerard RD, Cohen JC and Hobbs HH: The modular adaptor protein autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) promotes low density lipoprotein receptor clustering into clathrin-coated pits. J Biol Chem. 280:40996–41004. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Goldstein JL and Brown MS: Molecular medicine. The cholesterol quartet. Science. 292:1310–1312. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Huang Q, Fang C, Wu X, Fan J and Dong S: Perfluorooctane sulfonate impairs the cardiac development of a marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Aquat Toxicol. 105:71–77. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Jiang Q, Lust RM, Strynar MJ, Dagnino S and DeWitt JC: Perflurooctanoic acid induces developmental cardiotoxicity in chicken embryos and hatchlings. Toxicology. 293:97–106. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kim M, Park MS, Son J, Park I, Lee H, Kim C, Min B, Ryoo J, Choi KS, Lee D, Lee D, et al: Perfluoroheptanoic acid affects amphibian embryogenesis by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. Int J Mol Med 36: 1693-1700, 2015.
APA
Kim, M., Park, M.S., Son, J., Park, I., Lee, H., Kim, C. ... Lee, H. (2015). Perfluoroheptanoic acid affects amphibian embryogenesis by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 36, 1693-1700. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2370
MLA
Kim, M., Park, M. S., Son, J., Park, I., Lee, H., Kim, C., Min, B., Ryoo, J., Choi, K. S., Lee, D., Lee, H."Perfluoroheptanoic acid affects amphibian embryogenesis by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 36.6 (2015): 1693-1700.
Chicago
Kim, M., Park, M. S., Son, J., Park, I., Lee, H., Kim, C., Min, B., Ryoo, J., Choi, K. S., Lee, D., Lee, H."Perfluoroheptanoic acid affects amphibian embryogenesis by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 36, no. 6 (2015): 1693-1700. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2370
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kim M, Park MS, Son J, Park I, Lee H, Kim C, Min B, Ryoo J, Choi KS, Lee D, Lee D, et al: Perfluoroheptanoic acid affects amphibian embryogenesis by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. Int J Mol Med 36: 1693-1700, 2015.
APA
Kim, M., Park, M.S., Son, J., Park, I., Lee, H., Kim, C. ... Lee, H. (2015). Perfluoroheptanoic acid affects amphibian embryogenesis by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 36, 1693-1700. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2370
MLA
Kim, M., Park, M. S., Son, J., Park, I., Lee, H., Kim, C., Min, B., Ryoo, J., Choi, K. S., Lee, D., Lee, H."Perfluoroheptanoic acid affects amphibian embryogenesis by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 36.6 (2015): 1693-1700.
Chicago
Kim, M., Park, M. S., Son, J., Park, I., Lee, H., Kim, C., Min, B., Ryoo, J., Choi, K. S., Lee, D., Lee, H."Perfluoroheptanoic acid affects amphibian embryogenesis by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 36, no. 6 (2015): 1693-1700. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2370
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team