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Article

An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts

  • Authors:
    • Ji Sook Kang
    • Sung Ok Kim
    • Gi-Young Kim
    • Hye Jin Hwang
    • Byung Woo Kim
    • Young-Chae Chang
    • Wun-Jae Kim
    • Cheol Min Kim
    • Young Hyun Yoo
    • Yung Hyun Choi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Blue-Bio Industry RIC and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Kyungsung University, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea, Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea, Department of Biochemistry, Busan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dong-A University College of Medicine and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Busan 602-714, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 149-156
    |
    Published online on: October 30, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2398
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Abstract

In this study, we aimed to confirm the protective effects of garlic saponins against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts. Relative cell viability was determined by 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Comet assay was used to measure DNA damage and oxidative stress was determined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate to measure intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Western blot analysis and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based knockdown were used in order to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. Our results revealed that garlic saponins prevented hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced growth inhibition and exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular ROS. We also observed that garlic saponins prevented H2O2-induced comet tail formation and decreased the phosphorylation levels of γH2AX expression, suggesting that they can prevent H2O2-induced DNA damage. In addition, garlic saponins increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a potent antioxidant enzyme associated with the induction and phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol into the nucleus. However, the protective effects of garlic saponins on H2O2-induced ROS generation and growth inhibition were significantly reduced by zinc protoporphyrin Ⅸ, an HO-1 competitive inhibitor. In addition, the potential of garlic saponins to mediate HO-1 induction and protect against H2O2‑mediated growth inhibition was adversely affected by transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA. Garlic saponins activated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas a specific ERK inhibitor was able to inhibit HO-1 upregulation, as well as Nrf2 induction and phosphorylation. Taken together, the findings of our study suggest that garlic saponins activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by enabling ERK to contribute to the induction of phase Ⅱ antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, including HO-1 in C2C12 cells.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kang JS, Kim SO, Kim G, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Chang Y, Kim W, Kim CM, Yoo YH, Choi YH, Choi YH, et al: An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts. Int J Mol Med 37: 149-156, 2016.
APA
Kang, J.S., Kim, S.O., Kim, G., Hwang, H.J., Kim, B.W., Chang, Y. ... Choi, Y.H. (2016). An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 37, 149-156. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2398
MLA
Kang, J. S., Kim, S. O., Kim, G., Hwang, H. J., Kim, B. W., Chang, Y., Kim, W., Kim, C. M., Yoo, Y. H., Choi, Y. H."An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37.1 (2016): 149-156.
Chicago
Kang, J. S., Kim, S. O., Kim, G., Hwang, H. J., Kim, B. W., Chang, Y., Kim, W., Kim, C. M., Yoo, Y. H., Choi, Y. H."An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37, no. 1 (2016): 149-156. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2398
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kang JS, Kim SO, Kim G, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Chang Y, Kim W, Kim CM, Yoo YH, Choi YH, Choi YH, et al: An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts. Int J Mol Med 37: 149-156, 2016.
APA
Kang, J.S., Kim, S.O., Kim, G., Hwang, H.J., Kim, B.W., Chang, Y. ... Choi, Y.H. (2016). An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 37, 149-156. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2398
MLA
Kang, J. S., Kim, S. O., Kim, G., Hwang, H. J., Kim, B. W., Chang, Y., Kim, W., Kim, C. M., Yoo, Y. H., Choi, Y. H."An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37.1 (2016): 149-156.
Chicago
Kang, J. S., Kim, S. O., Kim, G., Hwang, H. J., Kim, B. W., Chang, Y., Kim, W., Kim, C. M., Yoo, Y. H., Choi, Y. H."An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37, no. 1 (2016): 149-156. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2398
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