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Antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.)in YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Hae Nim Lee
    • Hye Yeon Jang
    • Hyeong Jin Kim
    • Seong Ah Shin
    • Gang Sik Choo
    • Young Seok Park
    • Sang Ki Kim
    • Ji Youn Jung
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-eup, Yesan-gun, Chungnam 340-702, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 939-948
    |
    Published online on: March 4, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2517
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Abstract

α-mangostin is a dietary xanthone which has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects in various types of human cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin on YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. The results from MTT assays revealed that cell proliferation significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the cells treated with α-mangostin. DAPI staining illustrated that chromatin condensation in the cells treated with 15 µM α-mangostin was far greater than that in the untreated cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that α-mangostin suppressed YD-15 cell viability by inducing apoptosis and promoting cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase. Western blot analysis of various signaling molecules revealed that α-mangostin targeted the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways through the inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation in a dose‑dependent manner. α-mangostin also increased the levels of Bax (pro-apoptotic), cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), whereas the levels of the anti-apoptotic factors, Bcl-2 and c-myc, decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The anticancer effects of α-mangostin were also investigated in a tumor xenograft mouse model. The α-mangostin-treated nude mice bearing YD-15 tumor xenografts exhibited a significantly reduced tumor volume and tumor weight due to the potent promoting effects of α-mangostin on cancer cell apoptosis, as determined by TUNEL assay. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the level of cleaved caspase-3 increased, whereas the Ki-67, p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 levels decreased in the α-mangostin‑treated mice. Taken together, the findings of our study indicate that α-mangostin induces the apoptosis of YD-15 tongue carcinoma cells through the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lee HN, Jang HY, Kim HJ, Shin SA, Choo GS, Park YS, Kim SK and Jung JY: Antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.)in YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med 37: 939-948, 2016.
APA
Lee, H.N., Jang, H.Y., Kim, H.J., Shin, S.A., Choo, G.S., Park, Y.S. ... Jung, J.Y. (2016). Antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.)in YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 37, 939-948. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2517
MLA
Lee, H. N., Jang, H. Y., Kim, H. J., Shin, S. A., Choo, G. S., Park, Y. S., Kim, S. K., Jung, J. Y."Antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.)in YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37.4 (2016): 939-948.
Chicago
Lee, H. N., Jang, H. Y., Kim, H. J., Shin, S. A., Choo, G. S., Park, Y. S., Kim, S. K., Jung, J. Y."Antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.)in YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37, no. 4 (2016): 939-948. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2517
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lee HN, Jang HY, Kim HJ, Shin SA, Choo GS, Park YS, Kim SK and Jung JY: Antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.)in YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med 37: 939-948, 2016.
APA
Lee, H.N., Jang, H.Y., Kim, H.J., Shin, S.A., Choo, G.S., Park, Y.S. ... Jung, J.Y. (2016). Antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.)in YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 37, 939-948. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2517
MLA
Lee, H. N., Jang, H. Y., Kim, H. J., Shin, S. A., Choo, G. S., Park, Y. S., Kim, S. K., Jung, J. Y."Antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.)in YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37.4 (2016): 939-948.
Chicago
Lee, H. N., Jang, H. Y., Kim, H. J., Shin, S. A., Choo, G. S., Park, Y. S., Kim, S. K., Jung, J. Y."Antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.)in YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37, no. 4 (2016): 939-948. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2517
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