Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
June-2016 Volume 37 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2016 Volume 37 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Clinical implications of the growth-suppressive effects of chlorhexidine at low and high concentrations on human gingival fibroblasts and changes in morphology

  • Authors:
    • Marzena Wyganowska-Swiatkowska
    • Malgorzata Kotwicka
    • Paulina Urbaniak
    • Agnieszka Nowak
    • Ewa Skrzypczak-Jankun
    • Jerzy Jankun
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60‑812 Poznan, Poland, Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-632 Poznan, Poland, Urology Research Center, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
  • Pages: 1594-1600
    |
    Published online on: April 7, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2550
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Chlorhexidine (CHX) is considered the gold standard in the antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity, due to its high antibactericidal capability. With the use of CHX mouth-rinse formulations, the bacteriostatic effects are maintained by the adsorption and prolonged release of CHX from oral surfaces. It was believed that antiplaque formation ability and the lack of systemic toxicity of CHX render it an excellent antiseptic in post-surgical dental treatment. However, recent studies have demonstrated that CHX exerts cytotoxic effects on human periodontal tissues, such as gingival fibroblasts and other cells. It also reduces gingival fibroblast adhesion to fibronectin and prevents fibroblast attachment to root surfaces, thus interfering with periodontal regeneration. In this study, using human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), we investigated effects of CHX on the growth, morphology and proliferation of HGFs. We found that a low concentration (0.002%) of CHX does not interfere with the proliferation and morphology of HGFs. However, a higher concentration (≥0.04%) of CHX inhibits cell proliferation and to a certain extent, affects cell morphology in a time-dependent manner. A decrease in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and the accumulation of cells in the S phase following treatment with CHX also occurred in a dose-dependent manner. We thus concluded that CHX only at the concentration of 0.002% does not interfere with HGF growth, that is so critical to wound healing. Thus, the application of CHX in the post-surgical antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity should be limited.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Dogan S, Günay H, Leyhausen G and Geurtsen W: Effects of low-concentrated chlorhexidine on growth of Streptococcus sobrinus and primary human gingival fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig. 7:212–216. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Salem AM, Adams D, Newman HN and Rawle LW: Antimicrobial properties of 2 aliphatic amines and chlorhexidine in vitro and in saliva. J Clin Periodontol. 14:44–47. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Beighton D, Decker J and Homer KA: Effects of chlorhexidine on proteolytic and glycosidic enzyme activities of dental plaque bacteria. J Clin Periodontol. 18:85–89. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Gendron R, Grenier D, Sorsa T and Mayrand D: Inhibition of the activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2, 8, and 9 by chlorhexidine. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 6:437–439. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Houri-Haddad Y, Halabi A and Soskolne WA: Inflammatory response to chlorhexidine, minocycline HCl and doxycycline HCl in an in vivo mouse model. J Clin Periodontol. 35:783–788. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Cronan CA, Potempa J, Travis J and Mayo JA: Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis proteinases (gingipains) by chlorhexidine: Synergistic effect of Zn(II). Oral Microbiol Immunol. 21:212–217. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Gianelli M, Chellini F, Margheri M, Tonelli P and Tani A: Effect of chlorohexidine digluconate on different cell types: A molecular and ultrastructural investigation. Toxicol In Vitro. 2:308–317. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Hidalgo E and Dominguez C: Mechanisms underlying chlorhexidine-induced cytotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro. 15:271–276. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Koontongkaew S and Jitpukdeebodintra S: Interaction of chlorhexidine with cytoplasmic membranes of Streptococcus mutans GS-5. Caries Res. 29:413–417. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bonesvol P: Oral pharmacology of chlorohexidine. J Clin Periodontol. 4:49–65. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Boisnic S, Ben Slama L, Branchet-Gumila MC, Watts M and d'Arros G: Wound healing effect of Eludril in a model of human gingival mucosa. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 107:431–435. 2006.In French. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Mariotti AJ and Rumpf DA: Chlorhexidine-induced changes to human gingival fibroblast collagen and non-collagen protein production. J Periodontol. 70:1443–1448. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Babich H, Wurzburger BJ, Rubin YL, Sinensky MC and Blau L: An in vitro study on the cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine digluconate to human gingival cells. Cell Biol Toxicol. 11:79–88. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Chang YC, Huang FM, Tai KW and Chou MY: The effect of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine on cultured human periodontal ligament cells. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 92:446–450. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Cabral CT and Fernandes MH: In vitro comparison of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine on the long-term proliferation and functional activity of human alveolar bone cells. Clin Oral Investig. 11:155–164. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Cline NV and Layman DL: The effects of chlorhexidine on the attachment and growth of cultured human periodontal cells. J Periodontol. 63:598–602. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M, Urbaniak P, Szkaradkiewicz A, Jankun J and Kotwicka M: Effects of chlorhexidine, essential oils and herbal medicines (Salvia, Chamomile, Calendule) on human fibroblast in vitro. Cent Eur J Immunol. In Press.

18 

Campbell KE, Keast D, Woodbury G and Houghton P: Wear time in two hydrocolloid dressing using a novel in-vivo model. Wounds. 15:40–48. 2003.

19 

Marlina S, Shu MH, AbuBakar S and Zandi K: Development of a real-time cell analysing (RTCA) method as a fast and accurate screen for the selection of chikungunya virus replication inhibitors. Parasit Vectors. 8:5792015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Urcan E, Haertel U, Styllou M, Hickel R, Scherthan H and Reichl FX: Real-time xCELLigence impedance analysis of the cytotoxicity of dental composite components on human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater. 26:51–58. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Xing JZ, Zhu L, Gabos S and Xie L: Microelectronic cell sensor assay for detection of cytotoxicity and prediction of acute toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro. 20:995–1004. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Jiang B, Zhang G and Brey EM: Dual delivery of chlorhexidine and platelet-derived growth factor-BB for enhanced wound healing and infection control. Acta Biomater. 9:4976–4984. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Onçağ O, Hoşgör M, Hilmioğlu S, Zekioğlu O, Eronat C and Burhanoğlu D: Comparison of antibacterial and toxic effects of various root canal irrigants. Int Endod J. 36:423–432. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Faria G, Celes MR, De Rossi A, Silva LA, Silva JS and Rossi MA: Chlorhexidine-induced apoptosis or necrosis in L929 fibroblasts to cultured 1929 fibroblasts. J Endod. 33:715–722. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Faria G, Cardoso CR, Larson RE, Silva JS and Rossi MA: Chlorhexidine-induced apoptosis or necrosis in L929 fibroblasts: A role for endoplasmic reticulum stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 234:256–265. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Lee TH, Hu CC, Lee SS, Chou MY and Chang YC: Cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine on human osteoblastic cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels. Int Endod J. 43:430–435. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Pucher JJ and Daniel JC: The effects of chlorhexidine digluconate on human fibroblasts in vitro. J Periodontol. 63:526–532. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Goodson JM: Pharmacokinetic principles controlling efficacy of oral therapy. J Dent Res. 68:1625–1632. 1989.

29 

Ros-Llor I and Lopez-Jornet P: Cytogenetic analysis of oral mucosa cells, induced by chlorhexidine, essential oils in ethanolic solution and triclosan mouthwashes. Environ Res. 132:140–145. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Tsourounakis I, Palaiologou-Gallis AA, Stoute D, Maney P and Lallier TE: Effect of essential oil and chlorhexidine mouthwashes on gingival fibroblast survival and migration. J Periodontol. 84:1211–1220. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Ramis G, Martínez-Alarcón L, Quereda JJ, Mendonça L, Majado MJ, Gomez-Coelho K, Mrowiec A, Herrero-Medrano JM, Abellaneda JM, Pallares FJ, et al: Optimization of cytotoxicity assay by real-time, impedance-based cell analysis. Biomed Microdevices. 15:985–995. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Quereda JJ, Martínez-Alarcón L, Mendoça L, Majado MJ, Herrero-Medrano JM, Pallarés FJ, Ríos A, Ramírez P, Muñoz A and Ramis G: Validation of xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer to assess compatibility in xenotransplantation with pig-to-baboon model. Transplant Proc. 42:3239–3243. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Müller G and Kramer A: Biocompatibility index of antiseptic agents by parallel assessment of antimicrobial activity and cellular cytotoxicity. J Antimicrob Chemother. 61:1281–1287. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Yeung SY, Huang CS, Chan CP, Lin CP, Lin HN, Lee PH, Jia HW, Huang SK, Jeng JH and Chang MC: Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of chlorhexidine and its interaction with calcium hydroxide solutions. Int Endod J. 40:837–844. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Darzynkiewicz Z, Bedner E and Traganos F: Difficulties and pitfalls in analysis of apoptosis. Methods Cell Biol. 63:527–546. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Zampatti O, Roques C and Michel G: An in vitro mouth model to test antiplaque agents: Preliminary studies using a toothpaste containing chlorhexidine. Caries Res. 28:35–42. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Hope CK and Wilson M: Analysis of the effects of chlorhexidine on oral biofilm vitality and structure based on viability profiling and an indicator of membrane integrity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 48:1461–1468. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M, Jaskula J and Wieckowska B: Professional irrigation in periodontal treatment. Polish J Eviront Stud. 16:316–319. 2008.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M, Kotwicka M, Urbaniak P, Nowak A, Skrzypczak-Jankun E and Jankun J: Clinical implications of the growth-suppressive effects of chlorhexidine at low and high concentrations on human gingival fibroblasts and changes in morphology. Int J Mol Med 37: 1594-1600, 2016.
APA
Wyganowska-Swiatkowska, M., Kotwicka, M., Urbaniak, P., Nowak, A., Skrzypczak-Jankun, E., & Jankun, J. (2016). Clinical implications of the growth-suppressive effects of chlorhexidine at low and high concentrations on human gingival fibroblasts and changes in morphology. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 37, 1594-1600. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2550
MLA
Wyganowska-Swiatkowska, M., Kotwicka, M., Urbaniak, P., Nowak, A., Skrzypczak-Jankun, E., Jankun, J."Clinical implications of the growth-suppressive effects of chlorhexidine at low and high concentrations on human gingival fibroblasts and changes in morphology". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37.6 (2016): 1594-1600.
Chicago
Wyganowska-Swiatkowska, M., Kotwicka, M., Urbaniak, P., Nowak, A., Skrzypczak-Jankun, E., Jankun, J."Clinical implications of the growth-suppressive effects of chlorhexidine at low and high concentrations on human gingival fibroblasts and changes in morphology". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37, no. 6 (2016): 1594-1600. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2550
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M, Kotwicka M, Urbaniak P, Nowak A, Skrzypczak-Jankun E and Jankun J: Clinical implications of the growth-suppressive effects of chlorhexidine at low and high concentrations on human gingival fibroblasts and changes in morphology. Int J Mol Med 37: 1594-1600, 2016.
APA
Wyganowska-Swiatkowska, M., Kotwicka, M., Urbaniak, P., Nowak, A., Skrzypczak-Jankun, E., & Jankun, J. (2016). Clinical implications of the growth-suppressive effects of chlorhexidine at low and high concentrations on human gingival fibroblasts and changes in morphology. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 37, 1594-1600. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2550
MLA
Wyganowska-Swiatkowska, M., Kotwicka, M., Urbaniak, P., Nowak, A., Skrzypczak-Jankun, E., Jankun, J."Clinical implications of the growth-suppressive effects of chlorhexidine at low and high concentrations on human gingival fibroblasts and changes in morphology". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37.6 (2016): 1594-1600.
Chicago
Wyganowska-Swiatkowska, M., Kotwicka, M., Urbaniak, P., Nowak, A., Skrzypczak-Jankun, E., Jankun, J."Clinical implications of the growth-suppressive effects of chlorhexidine at low and high concentrations on human gingival fibroblasts and changes in morphology". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37, no. 6 (2016): 1594-1600. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2550
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team