Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
October-2016 Volume 38 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2016 Volume 38 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Guodong Huang
    • Jianzhen Lv
    • Tongyu Li
    • Guoli Huai
    • Xiang Li
    • Shaowei Xiang
    • Longlong Wang
    • Zhenlin Qin
    • Jianli Pang
    • Bingyu Zou
    • Yi Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, P.R. China, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China, Department of Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1179-1189
    |
    Published online on: August 24, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2713
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study was designed to examine the protective effect of notoginsenoside R1 (NR1) on podocytes in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced diabetic nephropathy (DN), and to explore the mechanism responsible for NR1-induced renal protection. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ, and NR1 was administered daily at a dose of 5 mg/kg (low dose), 10 mg/kg (medium) and 20 mg/kg (high) for 16 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood glucose levels, body weight and proteinuria were measured every 4 weeks, starting on the day that the rats received NR1. Furthermore, on the day of sacrifice, blood, urine and kidneys were collected in order to assess renal function according to general parameters. Pathological staining was performed to evaluate the renal protective effect of NR1, and the expression of the key slit diaphragm proteins, namely neprhin, podocin and desmin, were evaluated. In addition, the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6] as well as an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were assessed, and the apoptosis of podocytes was quantified. Finally, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway and the involvement of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inactivation was further analyzed. In this study, NR1 improved renal function by ameliorating histological alterations, increasing the expression of nephrin and podocin, decreasing the expression of desmin, and inhibiting both the inflammatory response as well as the apoptosis of podocytes. Furthermore, NR1 treatment increased the phosphorylation of both PI3K (p85) and Akt, indicating that activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved. Moreover, NR1 treatment decreased the phosphorylation of NF-κB (p65), suggesting the downregulation of NF-κB. This is the first study to the best of our knowledge, to clearly demonstrate that NR1 treatment ameliorates podocyte injury by inhibiting both inflammation and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Wiggins RC: The spectrum of podocytopathies: a unifying view of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int. 71:1205–1214. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Shankland SJ: The podocyte's response to injury: role in proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int. 69:2131–2147. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Mundel P and Shankland SJ: Podocyte biology and response to injury. J Am Soc Nephrol. 13:3005–3015. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Kumar PA, Brosius FC III and Menon RK: The glomerular podocyte as a target of growth hormone action: implications for the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Curr Diabetes Rev. 7:50–55. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Liu WJ, Tang HT, Jia YT, Ma B, Fu JF, Wang Y, Lv KY and Xia ZF: Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Shock. 34:314–320. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Gui D, Wei L, Jian G, Guo Y, Yang J and Wang N: Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates podocyte adhesion under diabetic condition through alpha3beta1 integrin upregulation in vitro and in vivo:. Cell Physiol Biochem. 34:1849–1862. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Tryggvason K: Unraveling the mechanisms of glomerular ultra-filtration: nephrin, a key component of the slit diaphragm. J Am Soc Nephrol. 10:2440–2445. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kestilä M, Lenkkeri U, Männikkö M, Lamerdin J, McCready P, Putaala H, Ruotsalainen V, Morita T, Nissinen M, Herva R, et al: Positionally cloned gene for a novel glomerular protein -nephrin-is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome. Mol Cell. 1:575–582. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Khoshnoodi J, Sigmundsson K, Ofverstedt LG, Skoglund U, Obrink B, Wartiovaara J and Tryggvason K: Nephrin promotes cell-cell adhesion through homophilic interactions. Am J Pathol. 163:2337–2346. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Chow WH and Blot WJ: Analgesic use and chronic renal failure: a critical review of the epidemiologic literature. Kidney Int. 54:679–686. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Lemley KV, Lafayette RA, Safai M, Derby G, Blouch K, Squarer A and Myers BD: Podocytopenia and disease severity in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int. 61:1475–1485. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Steffes MW, Schmidt D, McCrery R and Basgen JM; International Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group: Glomerular cell number in normal subjects and in type 1 diabetic patients. Kidney Int. 59:2104–2113. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

White KE and Bilous RW; Diabiopsies Study Group: Structural alterations to the podocyte are related to proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 19:1437–1440. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Pagtalunan ME, Miller PL, Jumping-Eagle S, Nelson RG, Myers BD, Rennke HG, Coplon NS, Sun L and Meyer TW: Podocyte loss and progressive glomerular injury in type II diabetes. J Clin Invest. 99:342–348. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Schiffer M, Bitzer M, Roberts IS, Kopp JB, ten Dijke P, Mundel P and Böttinger EP: Apoptosis in podocytes induced by TGF-beta and Smad7. J Clin Invest. 108:807–816. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Cantley LC: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Science. 296:1655–1657. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Zhu J, Sun N, Aoudjit L, Li H, Kawachi H, Lemay S and Takano T: Nephrin mediates actin reorganization via phosphoinositide 3-kinase in podocytes. Kidney Int. 73:556–566. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Yu S and Li Y: Dexamethasone inhibits podocyte apoptosis by stabilizing the PI3K/Akt signal pathway. BioMed Res Int. 2013:3269862013.

19 

Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Li C, Qi P and Bao J: Agaricus bisporus lectins mediate islet β-cell proliferation through regulation of cell cycle proteins. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 237:287–296. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Sugimoto H, LeBleu VS, Bosukonda D, Keck P, Taduri G, Bechtel W, Okada H, Carlson W Jr, Bey P, Rusckowski M, et al: Activin-like kinase 3 is important for kidney regeneration and reversal of fibrosis. Nat Med. 18:396–404. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Wang Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Li C, Qi P and Bao J: Antihyperglycemic effect of ginsenoside Rh2 by inducing islet beta-cell regeneration in mice. Horm Metab Res. 44:33–40. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Jiagang D, Li C, Wang H, Hao E, Du Z, Bao C, Lv J and Wang Y: Amygdalin mediates relieved atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice through the induction of regulatory T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 411:523–529. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Rantanen M, Palmén T, Pätäri A, Ahola H, Lehtonen S, Aström E, Floss T, Vauti F, Wurst W, Ruiz P, et al: Nephrin TRAP mice lack slit diaphragms and show fibrotic glomeruli and cystic tubular lesions. J Am Soc Nephrol. 13:1586–1594. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kawachi H, Koike H, Kurihara H, Sakai T and Shimizu F: Cloning of rat homologue of podocin: expression in proteinuric states and in developing glomeruli. J Am Soc Nephrol. 14:46–56. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Wiggins JE, Goyal M, Sanden SK, Wharram BL, Shedden KA, Misek DE, Kuick RD and Wiggins RC: Podocyte hypertrophy, 'adaptation' and 'decompensation' associated with glomerular enlargement and glomerulosclerosis in the aging rat: prevention by calorie restriction. J Am Soc Nephrol. 16:2953–2966. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Schmittgen TD and Livak KJ: Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protoc. 3:1101–1108. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Huber TB and Benzing T: The slit diaphragm: a signaling platform to regulate podocyte function. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 14:211–216. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Li Q and Verma IM: NF-kappaB regulation in the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2:725–734. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C and Shaw J: IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 94:311–321. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ritz E and Stefanski A: Diabetic nephropathy in type II diabetes. Am J Kidney Dis. 27:167–194. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

de Jong PE and Brenner BM: From secondary to primary prevention of progressive renal disease: the case for screening for albuminuria. Kidney Int. 66:2109–2118. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Aaltonen P, Luimula P, Aström E, Palmen T, Grönholm T, Palojoki E, Jaakkola I, Ahola H, Tikkanen I and Holthöfer H: Changes in the expression of nephrin gene and protein in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Lab Invest. 81:1185–1190. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Langham RG, Kelly DJ, Cox AJ, Thomson NM, Holthöfer H, Zaoui P, Pinel N, Cordonnier DJ and Gilbert RE: Proteinuria and the expression of the podocyte slit diaphragm protein, nephrin, in diabetic nephropathy: effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Diabetologia. 45:1572–1576. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Orikasa M, Matsui K, Oite T and Shimizu F: Massive proteinuria induced in rats by a single intravenous injection of a monoclonal antibody. J Immunol. 141:807–814. 1988.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Putaala H, Soininen R, Kilpeläinen P, Wartiovaara J and Tryggvason K: The murine nephrin gene is specifically expressed in kidney, brain and pancreas: inactivation of the gene leads to massive proteinuria and neonatal death. Hum Mol Genet. 10:1–8. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Benigni A, Gagliardini E, Tomasoni S, Abbate M, Ruggenenti P, Kalluri R and Remuzzi G: Selective impairment of gene expression and assembly of nephrin in human diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 65:2193–2200. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Schwarz K, Simons M, Reiser J, Saleem MA, Faul C, Kriz W, Shaw AS, Holzman LB and Mundel P: Podocin, a raft-associated component of the glomerular slit diaphragm, interacts with CD2AP and nephrin. J Clin Invest. 108:1621–1629. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Roselli S, Gribouval O, Boute N, Sich M, Benessy F, Attié T, Gubler MC and Antignac C: Podocin localizes in the kidney to the slit diaphragm area. Am J Pathol. 160:131–139. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Zou J, Yaoita E, Watanabe Y, Yoshida Y, Nameta M, Li H, Qu Z and Yamamoto T: Upregulation of nestin, vimentin, and desmin in rat podocytes in response to injury. Virchows Arch. 448:485–492. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Navarro-González JF and Mora-Fernández C: The role of inflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 19:433–442. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Navarro-González JF, Mora-Fernández C, Muros de Fuentes M and García-Pérez J: Inflammatory molecules and pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Nat Rev Nephrol. 7:327–340. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Sassy-Prigent C, Heudes D, Mandet C, Bélair MF, Michel O, Perdereau B, Bariéty J and Bruneval P: Early glomerular macrophage recruitment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes. 49:466–475. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Suzuki D, Miyazaki M, Naka R, Koji T, Yagame M, Jinde K, Endoh M, Nomoto Y and Sakai H: In situ hybridization of interleukin 6 in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes. 44:1233–1238. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Sekizuka K, Tomino Y, Sei C, Kurusu A, Tashiro K, Yamaguchi Y, Kodera S, Hishiki T, Shirato I and Koide H: Detection of serum IL-6 in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Nephron. 68:284–285. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

DiPetrillo K, Coutermarsh B and Gesek FA: Urinary tumor necrosis factor contributes to sodium retention and renal hypertrophy during diabetes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 284:F113–F121. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Navarro JF and Mora-Fernández C: The role of TNF-alpha in diabetic nephropathy: pathogenic and therapeutic implications. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:441–450. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Mizuno S and Nakamura T: Suppressions of chronic glomerular injuries and TGF-beta 1 production by HGF in attenuation of murine diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 286:F134–F143. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Schiffer M, Schiffer LE, Gupta A, Shaw AS, Roberts IS, Mundel P and Böttinger EP: Inhibitory smads and TGF-β signaling in glomerular cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 13:2657–2666. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Mu W, Ouyang X, Agarwal A, Zhang L, Long DA, Cruz PE, Roncal CA, Glushakova OY, Chiodo VA, Atkinson MA, et al: IL-10 suppresses chemokines, inflammation, and fibrosis in a model of chronic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 16:3651–3660. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Lewko B and Stepinski J: Hyperglycemia and mechanical stress: Targeting the renal podocyte. J Cell Physiol. 221:288–295. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Kato M, Putta S, Wang M, Yuan H, Lanting L, Nair I, Gunn A, Nakagawa Y, Shimano H, Todorov I, et al: TGF-beta activates Akt kinase through a microRNA-dependent amplifying circuit targeting PTEN. Nat Cell Biol. 11:881–889. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Kato M, Yuan H, Xu ZG, Lanting L, Li SL, Wang M, Hu MC, Reddy MA and Natarajan R: Role of the Akt/FoxO3a pathway in TGF-beta1-mediated mesangial cell dysfunction: a novel mechanism related to diabetic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 17:3325–3335. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Huber TB, Hartleben B, Kim J, Schmidts M, Schermer B, Keil A, Egger L, Lecha RL, Borner C, Pavenstädt H, et al: Nephrin and CD2AP associate with phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase and stimulate AKT-dependent signaling. Mol Cell Biol. 23:4917–4928. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ramos AM, Moreno JA, Santamaria B, Ruiz-Ortega M, Egido J and Ortiz A: NF-kappaB in renal inflammation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 21:1254–1262. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Huang G, Lv J, Li T, Huai G, Li X, Xiang S, Wang L, Qin Z, Pang J, Zou B, Zou B, et al: Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 38: 1179-1189, 2016.
APA
Huang, G., Lv, J., Li, T., Huai, G., Li, X., Xiang, S. ... Wang, Y. (2016). Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 38, 1179-1189. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2713
MLA
Huang, G., Lv, J., Li, T., Huai, G., Li, X., Xiang, S., Wang, L., Qin, Z., Pang, J., Zou, B., Wang, Y."Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38.4 (2016): 1179-1189.
Chicago
Huang, G., Lv, J., Li, T., Huai, G., Li, X., Xiang, S., Wang, L., Qin, Z., Pang, J., Zou, B., Wang, Y."Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38, no. 4 (2016): 1179-1189. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2713
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Huang G, Lv J, Li T, Huai G, Li X, Xiang S, Wang L, Qin Z, Pang J, Zou B, Zou B, et al: Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 38: 1179-1189, 2016.
APA
Huang, G., Lv, J., Li, T., Huai, G., Li, X., Xiang, S. ... Wang, Y. (2016). Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 38, 1179-1189. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2713
MLA
Huang, G., Lv, J., Li, T., Huai, G., Li, X., Xiang, S., Wang, L., Qin, Z., Pang, J., Zou, B., Wang, Y."Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38.4 (2016): 1179-1189.
Chicago
Huang, G., Lv, J., Li, T., Huai, G., Li, X., Xiang, S., Wang, L., Qin, Z., Pang, J., Zou, B., Wang, Y."Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38, no. 4 (2016): 1179-1189. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2713
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team