Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
October-2016 Volume 38 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2016 Volume 38 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Pro-apoptotic effects of rHSG on C6 glioma cells

  • Authors:
    • Peng Gao
    • Yourui Zou
    • Bing Zhang
    • Shucai Jiang
    • Wenjiong Hao
    • Hui Guo
    • Guojin Huo
    • Juncheng Wang
    • Wei Zhao
    • Bing Shen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China, Graduate School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shanxi 716000, P.R. China, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China, Medical Science and Technology Research Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Gao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1190-1198
    |
    Published online on: August 31, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2725
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Our previous in vitro study demonstrated that the rat hyperplasia suppressor gene (rHSG) inhibited the proliferation of C6 cells. In the present study, we investigated further the effects of rHSG overexpression on the apoptosis of C6 cells and the possible pathways involved. Hoechst 33342/PI double staining and comet assay were used to examine the morphological characteristics of apoptosis and to examine the effects of rHSG on the apoptosis of the C6 cells. Western blot analysis was used to determine the effects of rHSG overexpression on the protein expression levels of poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-3, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-Erk1/2), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, as well as on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways induced by insulin‑like growth factor (IGF)-1. Our results revealed that the C6 cells transfected with the rHSG adenoviral vector (Adv-rHSG-GFP group) efficiently expressed rHSG protein; Hoechst 33342/PI double staining and comet assay revealed that rHSG increased C6 cell apoptosis and induced DNA damage. Western blot analysis indicated that rHSG overexpression significantly increased the level of full-length PARP at 24 and 72 h (P<0.01), but decreased the level at 48 h following transfection (P<0.01), while the proteins levels of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 increased significantly (P<0.01). The protein expression of p-Erk1/2 and p-Akt began to decrease at 48 h post-transfection (P<0.01). In addition, the protein levels of Akt and Erk1/2 induced by IGF-1 were significantly inhibited. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that rHSG overexpression induces the apoptosis of rat glioma cells, and that these effects may involve the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Fuller GN and Scheithauer BW: The 2007 Revised World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of the central nervous system: newly codified entities. Brain Pathol. 17:304–307. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Reifenberger G, Hentschel B, Felsberg J, Schackert G, Simon M, Schnell O, Westphal M, Wick W, Pietsch T, Loeffler M, et al German Glioma Network: Predictive impact of MGMT promoter methylation in glioblastoma of the elderly. Int J Cancer. 131:1342–1350. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Grossman SA, Ye X, Piantadosi S, Desideri S, Nabors LB and Rosenfeld M: Survival of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with radiation and temozolomide in research studies in the United States. Clin Cancer Res. 16:2443–2449. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:69–90. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG); Chinese Glioma Atlas (CGGA): Chinese Glioma Molecular Guidelines. Chin J Neurosurg. 30:435–444. 2014.

6 

Candolfi M, Kroeger KM, Muhammad AK, Yagiz K, Farrokhi C, Pechnick RN, Lowenstein PR and Castro MG: Gene therapy for brain cancer: combination therapies provide enhanced efficacy and safety. Curr Gene Ther. 9:409–421. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Nakada M, Niska JA, Tran NL, McDonough WS and Berens ME: EphB2/R-Ras signaling regulates glioma cell adhesion, growth, and invasion. Am J Pathol. 167:565–576. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Jeon BN, Yoo JY, Choi WI, Lee CE, Yoon HG and Hur MW: Proto-oncogene FBI-1 (Pokemon/ZBTB7A) represses transcription of the tumor suppressor Rb gene via binding competition with Sp1 and recruitment of co-repressors. J Biol Chem. 283:33199–33210. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Westphal M and Lamszus K: The neurobiology of gliomas: from cell biology to the development of therapeutic approaches. Nat Rev Neurosci. 12:495–508. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Chen KH, Guo X, Ma D, Guo Y, Li Q, Yang D, Li P, Qiu X, Wen S, Xiao RP and Tang J: Dysregulation of HSG triggers vascular proliferative disorders. Nat Cell Biol. 6:872–883. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Guo X, Chen KH, Guo Y, Liao H, Tang J and Xiao RP: Mitofusin 2 triggers vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis via mitochondrial death pathway. Circ Res. 101:1113–1122. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Wu M, Chen Q, Li D, Li X, Li X, Huang C, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Wang D, Tang K, et al: LRRC4 inhibits human glioblastoma cells proliferation, invasion, and proMMP-2 activation by reducing SDF-1 alpha/CXCR4-mediated ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways. J Cell Biochem. 103:245–255. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Wu M, Huang C, Li X, Li X, Gan K, Chen Q, Tang Y, Tang K, Shen S and Li G: LRRC4 inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by downregulating pleiotropic cytokine expression and responses. J Cell Physiol. 214:65–74. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Kunapuli P, Kasyapa CS, Hawthorn L and Cowell JK: LGI1, a putative tumor metastasis suppressor gene, controls in vitro invasiveness and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in glioma cells through the ERK1/2 pathway. J Biol Chem. 279:23151–23157. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Bhaskara VK, Sundaram C and Babu PP: pERK, pAkt and pBad: a possible role in cell proliferation and sustained cellular survival during tumorigenesis and tumor progression in ENU induced transplacental glioma rat model. Neurochem Res. 31:1163–1170. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Cuevas P, Diaz-González D, Carceller F and Dujovny M: Dual blockade of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK-1 (p42) and ERK-2 (p44) and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) by neomycin inhibits glioma cell proliferation. Neurol Res. 25:13–16. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Belsey MJ, Davies AR, Witchel HJ and Kozlowski RZ: Inhibition of ERK and JNK decreases both osmosensitive taurine release and cell proliferation in glioma cells. Neurochem Res. 32:1940–1949. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Betti M, Minelli A, Canonico B, Castaldo P, Magi S, Aisa MC, Piroddi M, Di Tomaso V and Galli F: Antiproliferative effects of tocopherols (vitamin E) on murine glioma C6 cells: homologue-specific control of PKC/ERK and cyclin signaling. Free Radic Biol Med. 41:464–472. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

McDaid HM, Lopez-Barcons L, Grossman A, Lia M, Keller S, Pérez-Soler R and Horwitz SB: Enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of taxol by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor CI-1040 in nude mice bearing human heterotransplants. Cancer Res. 65:2854–2860. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Knobbe CB, Trampe-Kieslich A and Reifenberger G: Genetic alteration and expression of the phosphoinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway genes PIK3CA and PIKE in human glioblastomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 31:486–490. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Gao P, Jiang S, Guo H, Yang Q, Fang Z, Zhao W and Shen B: Expression and mechanism of rat hyperplasia suppressor gene suppressing growth of rat C6 glioma cells. J Third Mil Med Univ. 36:381–385. 2014.

22 

Jin B, Fu G, Pan H, Cheng X, Zhou L, Lv J, Chen G and Zheng S: Anti-tumour efficacy of mitofusin-2 in urinary bladder carcinoma. Med Oncol. 28(Suppl 1): S373–S380. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Wang W, Lu J, Zhu F, Wei J, Jia C, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Xie H and Zheng S: Pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of mitofusin-2 via Bax signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Med Oncol. 29:70–76. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Gagné JP, Moreel X, Gagné P, Labelle Y, Droit A, Chevalier-Paré M, Bourassa S, McDonald D, Hendzel MJ, Prigent C and Poirier GG: Proteomic investigation of phosphorylation sites in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. J Proteome Res. 8:1014–1029. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Reed AM, Fishel ML and Kelley MR: Small-molecule inhibitors of proteins involved in base excision repair potentiate the anti-tumorigenic effect of existing chemotherapeutics and irradiation. Future Oncol. 5:713–726. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Atorino L, Di Meglio S, Farina B, Jones R and Quesada P: Rat germinal cells require PARP for repair of DNA damage induced by gamma-irradiation and H2O2 treatment. Eur J Cell Biol. 80:222–229. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Thornberry NA and Lazebnik Y: Caspases: enemies within. Science. 281:1312–1316. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kato J, Kuwabara Y, Mitani M, Shinoda N, Sato A, Toyama T, Mitsui A, Nishiwaki T, Moriyama S, Kudo J and Fujii Y: Expression of survivin in esophageal cancer: correlation with the prognosis and response to chemotherapy. Int J Cancer. 95:92–95. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Altieri DC: Survivin, versatile modulation of cell division and apoptosis in cancer. Oncogene. 22:8581–8589. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Beardsmore DM, Verbeke CS, Davies CL, Guillou PJ and Clark GW: Apoptotic and proliferative indexes in esophageal cancer: predictors of response to neoadjuvant therapy [corrected]. J Gastrointest Surg. 7:77–86. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Kelly RJ, Lopez-Chavez A, Citrin D, Janik JE and Morris JC: Impacting tumor cell-fate by targeting the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin. Mol Cancer. 10:352011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Tamm I, Wang Y, Sausville E, Scudiero DA, Vigna N, Oltersdorf T and Reed JC: IAP-family protein survivin inhibits caspase activity and apoptosis induced by Fas (CD95), Bax, caspases, and anticancer drugs. Cancer Res. 58:5315–5320. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Boucher MJ, Morisset J, Vachon PH, Reed JC, Lainé J and Rivard N: MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and Mcl-1 and promotes survival of human pancreatic cancer cells. J Cell Biochem. 79:355–369. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Buder-Hoffmann S, Palmer C, Vacek P, Taatjes D and Mossman B: Different accumulation of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK 1/2) and role in cell-cycle alterations by epidermal growth factor, hydrogen peroxide, or asbestos in pulmonary epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 24:405–413. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Neri LM, Borgatti P, Capitani S and Martelli AM: The nuclear phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway: a new second messenger system. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1584:73–80. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Ueki K, Fruman DA, Brachmann SM, Tseng YH, Cantley LC and Kahn CR: Molecular balance between the regulatory and catalytic subunits of phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulates cell signaling and survival. Mol Cell Biol. 22:965–977. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Wymann MP and Pirola L: Structure and function of phosphoinositide 3-kinases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1436:127–150. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Khokhlatchev AV, Canagarajah B, Wilsbacher J, Robinson M, Atkinson M, Goldsmith E and Cobb MH: Phosphorylation of the MAP kinase ERK2 promotes its homodimerization and nuclear translocation. Cell. 93:605–615. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Párrizas M, Saltiel AR and LeRoith D: Insulin-like growth factor 1 inhibits apoptosis using the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Biol Chem. 272:154–161. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Kenchappa P, Yadav A, Singh G, Nandana S and Banerjee K: Rescue of TNFalpha-inhibited neuronal cells by IGF-1 involves Akt and c-Jun N-terminal kinases. J Neurosci Res. 76:466–474. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Bencomo E, Pérez R, Arteaga MF, Acosta E, Peña O, Lopez L, Avila J and Palumbo A: Apoptosis of cultured granulosa-lutein cells is reduced by insulin-like growth factor I and may correlate with embryo fragmentation and pregnancy rate. Fertil Steril. 85:474–480. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Gao P, Wang Z, Zhang B, Zou Y, Guo H, Liu H, Yang Q, Fang Z, Jiang S, Shen B, et al: Suppression of C6 gliomas via application of rat hyperplasia gene. Int J Biol Markers. 29:e411–e422. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Gao P, Zou Y, Zhang B, Jiang S, Hao W, Guo H, Huo G, Wang J, Zhao W, Shen B, Shen B, et al: Pro-apoptotic effects of rHSG on C6 glioma cells. Int J Mol Med 38: 1190-1198, 2016.
APA
Gao, P., Zou, Y., Zhang, B., Jiang, S., Hao, W., Guo, H. ... Shen, B. (2016). Pro-apoptotic effects of rHSG on C6 glioma cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 38, 1190-1198. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2725
MLA
Gao, P., Zou, Y., Zhang, B., Jiang, S., Hao, W., Guo, H., Huo, G., Wang, J., Zhao, W., Shen, B."Pro-apoptotic effects of rHSG on C6 glioma cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38.4 (2016): 1190-1198.
Chicago
Gao, P., Zou, Y., Zhang, B., Jiang, S., Hao, W., Guo, H., Huo, G., Wang, J., Zhao, W., Shen, B."Pro-apoptotic effects of rHSG on C6 glioma cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38, no. 4 (2016): 1190-1198. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2725
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Gao P, Zou Y, Zhang B, Jiang S, Hao W, Guo H, Huo G, Wang J, Zhao W, Shen B, Shen B, et al: Pro-apoptotic effects of rHSG on C6 glioma cells. Int J Mol Med 38: 1190-1198, 2016.
APA
Gao, P., Zou, Y., Zhang, B., Jiang, S., Hao, W., Guo, H. ... Shen, B. (2016). Pro-apoptotic effects of rHSG on C6 glioma cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 38, 1190-1198. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2725
MLA
Gao, P., Zou, Y., Zhang, B., Jiang, S., Hao, W., Guo, H., Huo, G., Wang, J., Zhao, W., Shen, B."Pro-apoptotic effects of rHSG on C6 glioma cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38.4 (2016): 1190-1198.
Chicago
Gao, P., Zou, Y., Zhang, B., Jiang, S., Hao, W., Guo, H., Huo, G., Wang, J., Zhao, W., Shen, B."Pro-apoptotic effects of rHSG on C6 glioma cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38, no. 4 (2016): 1190-1198. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2725
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team