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International Journal of Molecular Medicine
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Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
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December-2016 Volume 38 Issue 6

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International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

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Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

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Article

The combination of β-caryophyllene, baicalin and catechin synergistically suppresses the proliferation and promotes the death of RAW267.4 macrophages in vitro

  • Authors:
    • Masayoshi Yamaguchi
    • Robert M. Levy
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Clinical Development, Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ 85253, USA
  • Pages: 1940-1946
    |
    Published online on: November 14, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2801
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Abstract

β-caryophyllene, which is a constituent of many essential oils, has been known to be a selective agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type-2 and to exert cannabimimetic anti-inflammatory effects in animals. The effects of β-caryophyllene on macrophages have not been investigated to date. This study was undertaken to determine whether β-caryophyllene exerts suppressive effects on mouse RAW267.4 macrophages in vitro in comparison with other botanical molecules that exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The proliferation of RAW267.4 cells was suppressed by culture with β-caryophyllene (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml of medium) or curcumin (100 and 200 µg/ml). Culture with baicalin (1-200 µg/ml) or (+)-catechin (1-200 µg/ml) did not exert an effect on RAW267.4 cells. The combination of β-caryophyllene (1 or 10 µg/ml) with either curcumin (1 or 10 µg/ml), baicalin (1 or 10 µg/ml) or (+)-catechin (1 or 10 µg/ml) did not exert any suppressive effects on cell proliferation. Of note, the combination of all three agents, β-caryophyllene, baicalin and (+)-catechin at the concentration of either 1 or 10 µg/ml was found to exert synergistic suppressive effects on cell proliferation. Moreover, the combination of β-caryophyllene, baicalin and (+)-catechin synergistically promoted the death of RAW267.4 cells. Such an effect was blocked by culture with caspase-3 inhibitor. The combination of the three agents decreased the protein levels of Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 or -2. On the whole, this study demonstrates that the combination of β-caryophyllene, baicalin and (+)-catechin exerts synergistic suppressive effects on macrophages in vitro. This composition may be a useful as an anti-inflammatory treatment strategy.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yamaguchi M and Levy RM: The combination of β-caryophyllene, baicalin and catechin synergistically suppresses the proliferation and promotes the death of RAW267.4 macrophages in vitro. Int J Mol Med 38: 1940-1946, 2016.
APA
Yamaguchi, M., & Levy, R.M. (2016). The combination of β-caryophyllene, baicalin and catechin synergistically suppresses the proliferation and promotes the death of RAW267.4 macrophages in vitro. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 38, 1940-1946. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2801
MLA
Yamaguchi, M., Levy, R. M."The combination of β-caryophyllene, baicalin and catechin synergistically suppresses the proliferation and promotes the death of RAW267.4 macrophages in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38.6 (2016): 1940-1946.
Chicago
Yamaguchi, M., Levy, R. M."The combination of β-caryophyllene, baicalin and catechin synergistically suppresses the proliferation and promotes the death of RAW267.4 macrophages in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38, no. 6 (2016): 1940-1946. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2801
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yamaguchi M and Levy RM: The combination of β-caryophyllene, baicalin and catechin synergistically suppresses the proliferation and promotes the death of RAW267.4 macrophages in vitro. Int J Mol Med 38: 1940-1946, 2016.
APA
Yamaguchi, M., & Levy, R.M. (2016). The combination of β-caryophyllene, baicalin and catechin synergistically suppresses the proliferation and promotes the death of RAW267.4 macrophages in vitro. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 38, 1940-1946. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2801
MLA
Yamaguchi, M., Levy, R. M."The combination of β-caryophyllene, baicalin and catechin synergistically suppresses the proliferation and promotes the death of RAW267.4 macrophages in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38.6 (2016): 1940-1946.
Chicago
Yamaguchi, M., Levy, R. M."The combination of β-caryophyllene, baicalin and catechin synergistically suppresses the proliferation and promotes the death of RAW267.4 macrophages in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38, no. 6 (2016): 1940-1946. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2801
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